Theme 3: Poligenic and multifactorial diseases. Task 1 1. The coefficlent of her
ID: 214208 • Letter: T
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Theme 3: Poligenic and multifactorial diseases. Task 1 1. The coefficlent of heredity reflects: A. Severity of the disease B Probability of developing a disease from relatives of proband; C Contribution of genetic factors to the propensity to disease; Part of the varlation of the quantitative index, which is determined by hereditary ae factors 2. What methods are used to prove the multifactorial nature of the disease? A. Clinical-genealogical, twin, B. Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic C Cytogenetic and molecular genetic D. Cytogenetic, molecular genetics and biochemical E. Clinical-genealogical, cytogenetic and molecular-genetic 3. Multifactorial diseases are characterized by: A. Separation of patients by gender and age Wide range of clinical manifestations, C Inheritance by the laws of Mendel; D. Population differences in the incidence of disease. 4. Genetic predisposition to the most common multifactorial diseases of the middle A Autosomal dominant age is determined by: B. Autosomal recessive C. Genes linked to the X-chromosome D. Polygene E. Mitochondrial genom 5. Name multifactorial illnesses: A. Morfan syndrome and Ehlers'-Danlo syndrome 8. Polydactylia, ectodactyly S. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension D. Family hypercholesterolemiaExplanation / Answer
1. The coefficient of heredity: quantifies the variation in specific trait in a population, due to genetic variation, when opposed by the environment. It describes the proportion of variation in a trait within a population, which is random and not defined by the environment.
Thus, correct option is D.
Multi-factorial diseases:
These diseases are associated with complex or multiple factors, such as being polygenic, or effected by multiple genes, and by internal factors like age, external factors like diet, intoxication, or environmental factors (genetic or non-genetic influences). The may not follow Mendel's law of inheritance. A genetic mutation or variation, may not always cause the disease. It requires effect of the external factors like diet, lifestyle (in case of obesity) or other external factors.
Multifactorial diseases may be proved by studying the occurrence of the disease in the family or blood relations, genealogy studies help in proving the predispositions, also, cytogenetics (detection of chromosomal abnormalities) and molecular genetics (like hybridization and PCR techniques) studies help in identifying genetic defects and conditions that may lead to a complex or multifactorial disease.
Some examples are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart diseases.
Thus, considering facts about multifactorial diseases:
2. Thus, correct option is E. Clinical genealogical, cytogenetic and molecular genetic.
3. Thus, correct option is D. Population differences in the incidence of disease.
4.Thus, correct option is D. Polygene.
5. Thus, correct option is C. Diabetes mellitus and hypertension.
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