Q1. The smooth ER and the rough ER are ------------ regions of the same organell
ID: 214850 • Letter: Q
Question
Q1.
The smooth ER and the rough ER are ------------ regions of the same organelle. The ER is ---------- with the outer nuclear envelope.
Select ONE option for the FIRST blank:
A. Continuous
B. Discontinuous
Q2.
The specialized function of a cell is often revealed by its organelles. Which of the following cell types do you expect to exhibit the largest Golgi complex in their cytoplasm?
Select ONE option:
A. Pancreatic beta cells that secrete the protein insulin into the bloodstream
B. Retinal photoreceptor cells that convert light stimuli to electrical impulses in the brain
C. Red blood cells that carry oxygen throughout the body
D. Cardiac muscle cells that contract in reaction to electrical stimulation
Q3.
Mitochondrial fission is important for healthy mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial fission allows for old, defective components from one mitochondrion to be replaced with new ones. Mitochondrial fission facilitates this replacement of old mitochondrial parts by isolating them in small membrane-bound vesicles that are then degraded by the cell.
What is the expected consequence for mitochondrial energy production in a pathological condition where mitochondrial fission is reduced?
Select ONE option:
A. The rate of mitochondrial replacement will increase and ATP levels will increase.
B. The rate of mitochondrial replacement will decrease and ATP levels will decrease.
Q4.
By which of the following mechanisms could ATP synthesis potentially be inhibited?
(Select ALL that apply.)
A. By dissociating the F1 complex from the F0 complex
B. By blocking proton passage through the F0 complex
C. By blocking the rotation of the 33 hexamer of the F1 complex
D. By blocking inorganic phosphate from binding to the F1 complex
Q5.
What would happen to cellular ATP synthesis in the absence of oxygen?
Select ONE option:
A. All ATP synthesis would stop.
B. Glycolytic ATP synthesis would continue in the absence of oxygen but mitochondrial ATP synthesis would stop.
C. Both glycolytic and mitochondrial ATP synthesis would continue in the absence of oxygen.
Q6.
Select the correct location of the following within the cell:
Glycolysis:
Select ONE option:
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Inner-membrane space
D. Outer membrane
E. Cytoplasm
Electron Transport Chain complexes:
Select ONE option:
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Inner-membrane space
D. Outer membrane
E. Cytoplasm
ATP synthase:
Select ONE option:
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Inner-membrane space
D. Outer membrane
E. Cytoplasm
Complex 1:
Select ONE option:
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Inner-membrane space
D. Outer membrane
E. Cytoplasm
Highest proton concentration:
Select ONE option:
A. Mitochondrial matrix
B. Inner membrane
C. Inner-membrane space
D. Outer membrane
E. Cytoplasm
Q7.
Order the following events as they likely occurred in the evolution of eukaryotic organelles.
A. A significant rise in the percentage of oxygen in the earth’s atmosphere
B. Evolution of aerobic bacteria
C. Evolution of cyanobacteria (photosynthetic bacteria)
D. The appearance of mitochondria in eukaryotes
1st event:
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
2nd event:
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
3rd event:
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
4th event:
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
Explanation / Answer
1.
B. Discontinuous,
A. Continuous.
Smooth ER and rough ER are discontinuous with different functions. ER is continuous with outer nuclear membrane .
2.A. Pancreatic beta cells that secrete the protein insulin into the bloodstream.
Golgi complex is involved in the sorting and dispatch of proteins to their proper destination. Thus pancreatic cells have large and abundant Golgi.
3. B.The rate of mitochondrial replacement will decrease and ATP levels will decrease.
4.
5.Glycolytic ATP synthesis would continue in the absence of oxygen but mitochondrial ATP synthesis would stop.
6. E. Cytoplasm.
7. First event: C.
Second event:A
Third event: B.
Fourth Event: D.
First step during the process of evolution was anaerobic breakdown of organic molecules, glycolysis to generate energy. This was followed by development of process of photosynthesis. Process of photosynthesis generated oxygen that converted primitive anaerobic atmosphere into aerobic environment. Amount of oxygen gradually rose in the atmosphere. This was followed by the evolution of aerobes In later stages cell organelles like mitochondria evolved.
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