14. A hollow tree has lost much of its sylem. Can a hollow tree continue living?

Question

14. A hollow tree has lost much of its sylem. Can a hollow tree continue living? 15. Girdling is a process used to kill a standing tree by removing a section of bark, phloem, and eambium (down to the sylem) completely around the trunk of a tree. How does girdling kill a tree? 16. Sketch a leaf cross section, clearly illustrate and label each of the following: Upper epidermis Lower epidermis Spongy mesophyll Palisade mesophyll Vascular bundle Stomata Guard cells 17. In what leaf tissues are chloroplasts typically located

Explanation / Answer

If xylem is removed, plants will dry and die subsequently. This is because xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals. It transports water from roots to different parts such as stem and leaves. Water is required for the essential metabolic and physiological activities of plants. It is also required for maintenance of cellular turgidity.
Girdling is a process by which a strip of the bark (cork cambium/phellogen, phloem and sometimes xylem) is removed from the circumference of branch or trunk of a tree. This results in the death of the area over a period of time. If a branch is girdled, tree can survive. If the main trunk of a tree is girdled, the tree will die. This is because removal of the phloem results in inability of the leaves to transport sugars (primarily sucrose) to the roots. The tree can only transport water and minerals from the roots to the leaves. In some cases roots cannot transport nutrients upwards through the xylem.

4. Chloroplasts are organelles or specialized compartments present in the plant cells. Their main function is to conduct photosynthesis. The chlorophyll pigment present in the chloroplast captures the energy from sunlight (light energy) and converts it into organic form (chemical energy).

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