Exploring Anatomy & Phyiol BY: 8o8d576bd7b7ede@placebolder.24190.edu. Printing i

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Exploring Anatomy & Phyiol BY: 8o8d576bd7b7ede@placebolder.24190.edu. Printing is for personal, private use only. No part of this book may be reproduced or without publisher's prior permission. Violators will be prosecuted. UNIT 18 Check Your Understanding Critical Thinking and Application Questions REVIEW 1 David has an ultrasound of his common carotid arteries, which shows that his right common carotid artery is is so occluded. What do you tell him? presents with severe abdominal pain. Your team orders a CT scan and discovers a large blood clot lodged in the celiac trunk. What organs could this blood dlot potentially aftect? Why do you think the clot is causing abdominal pain? 3 Certain drugs cannot be taken by mouth because the entire dose of the drug is destroyed in the liver before it ever reaches the general circulation. Explain why these same drugs can be given by injection, either intravenously or intramuscularly. (Hint: Consider the hepatic portal system) Cardiovascular System-Part It: Blood Vessel Anatomy UNIT 18

Explanation / Answer

1. Common carotid arteries occlution can be associated with the blockage in the distal vessels ( internal carotid arteries(ICA) ) , (external carotid arteries (ECA)). In some cases the blood flow of ICA and ECA is maintained by collateral circulation via extracranial branches through the external carotid artery. It is necessary to recognise the potency of the distal vessels because it can help in effective surgical revascularization.

2. Stomach, liver, spleen and a part of esophagus relieves the oxygenated blood from celiac trunk . In addition to this it also transport blood to upper part of duodenum and pancreas. So if a blood clot is present in celiac trunk it leads to damage of the above major organs. The abdominal pain may be due to inadequate supply of oxygenated blood to the organs because of the clot .

3. First pass metabolism process occurs in the liver when drugs are given orally. Due to this some of the drug undergo extensive metabolism in the liver and this leads to inappropriate quantity supply of drugs in the systematic circulation takes place. Thus there is a decrease in the bioavailability .There is also a decrease in the actin of drug due to minimal concentration. In addition to this the digestion process of drugs is slow if it is taken orally. So this method is not suitable for emergency purpose. In order to minimise the loss of drug and to reach the systematic circulation properly intravenous method is used.

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