Visit the following website and view the animations about DNA, Genes, Chromosome
ID: 217927 • Letter: V
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Visit the following website and view the animations about DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Heredity, Proteins, and Traits. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/oldtour/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ 1. What organelle within our cell contains our genomic DNA? 2. What does DNA stand for? 3. What is the name of the sugar in the backbone of DNA? 4. What makes up a gene and what can happen if a gene were mutated? 5. Do two brothers have the same genetic makeup? Why or why not? a) What about fraternal twins? Why or why not? b) What about identical twins? Why or why not? 6. Where are proteins made in the cell? a)What cellular structure makes proteins from an mRNA chain? Part II: Mitosis and Meiosis https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI 1. Work through the following tutorial on meiosis and answer the following questions. http://www.slideshare.net/philcohen37/meiosis-15041009?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow A. What is the arrangement of the chromosomes after DNA replication in a heterozygote if no crossing over has occurred? B. Why in a heterozygote Aa do you get 50% A and 50% a gametes after meiosis? C. How do chromosomes line up at metaphase 1 of meiosis? D. A cell has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. Describe the potential chromosomal alignments at metaphase 1 of meiosis. E. An organism has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. What is the genotypes of gametes that it will produce and why? 2. Visit the following website and view the animations showing mitosis and meiosis side by side http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html A. Describe what is happening to the total amount of DNA in the cell in mitosis versus meiosis. B. What are the similarities between mitosis and meiosis? C. What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis? Part III: DNA Visit the following website: http://www.dnatutorial.com/ 1. Is DNA charged? If so, is it positively or negatively charged and why does the DNA possess this charge? 2. What is the flow of genetic information inside a cell – i.e. what is the central dogma of molecular biology? 3. Which of the following pieces of DNA would travel quicker through an agarose gel and why? a. 400 basepairs in length b. 1000 basepairs in length c. 2000 basepairs in length 4. List two uses that you can think of that would apply to the public that resolving DNA on agarose gels could be used to test. Visit the following website and view the animations about DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Heredity, Proteins, and Traits. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/oldtour/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ 1. What organelle within our cell contains our genomic DNA? 2. What does DNA stand for? 3. What is the name of the sugar in the backbone of DNA? 4. What makes up a gene and what can happen if a gene were mutated? 5. Do two brothers have the same genetic makeup? Why or why not? a) What about fraternal twins? Why or why not? b) What about identical twins? Why or why not? 6. Where are proteins made in the cell? a)What cellular structure makes proteins from an mRNA chain? Part II: Mitosis and Meiosis https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI 1. Work through the following tutorial on meiosis and answer the following questions. http://www.slideshare.net/philcohen37/meiosis-15041009?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow A. What is the arrangement of the chromosomes after DNA replication in a heterozygote if no crossing over has occurred? B. Why in a heterozygote Aa do you get 50% A and 50% a gametes after meiosis? C. How do chromosomes line up at metaphase 1 of meiosis? D. A cell has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. Describe the potential chromosomal alignments at metaphase 1 of meiosis. E. An organism has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. What is the genotypes of gametes that it will produce and why? 2. Visit the following website and view the animations showing mitosis and meiosis side by side http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html A. Describe what is happening to the total amount of DNA in the cell in mitosis versus meiosis. B. What are the similarities between mitosis and meiosis? C. What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis? Part III: DNA Visit the following website: http://www.dnatutorial.com/ 1. Is DNA charged? If so, is it positively or negatively charged and why does the DNA possess this charge? 2. What is the flow of genetic information inside a cell – i.e. what is the central dogma of molecular biology? 3. Which of the following pieces of DNA would travel quicker through an agarose gel and why? a. 400 basepairs in length b. 1000 basepairs in length c. 2000 basepairs in length 4. List two uses that you can think of that would apply to the public that resolving DNA on agarose gels could be used to test. Visit the following website and view the animations about DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Heredity, Proteins, and Traits. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/oldtour/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ 1. What organelle within our cell contains our genomic DNA? 2. What does DNA stand for? 3. What is the name of the sugar in the backbone of DNA? 4. What makes up a gene and what can happen if a gene were mutated? 5. Do two brothers have the same genetic makeup? Why or why not? a) What about fraternal twins? Why or why not? b) What about identical twins? Why or why not? 6. Where are proteins made in the cell? a)What cellular structure makes proteins from an mRNA chain? Part II: Mitosis and Meiosis https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI 1. Work through the following tutorial on meiosis and answer the following questions. http://www.slideshare.net/philcohen37/meiosis-15041009?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow A. What is the arrangement of the chromosomes after DNA replication in a heterozygote if no crossing over has occurred? B. Why in a heterozygote Aa do you get 50% A and 50% a gametes after meiosis? C. How do chromosomes line up at metaphase 1 of meiosis? D. A cell has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. Describe the potential chromosomal alignments at metaphase 1 of meiosis. E. An organism has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. What is the genotypes of gametes that it will produce and why? 2. Visit the following website and view the animations showing mitosis and meiosis side by side http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html A. Describe what is happening to the total amount of DNA in the cell in mitosis versus meiosis. B. What are the similarities between mitosis and meiosis? C. What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis? Part III: DNA Visit the following website: http://www.dnatutorial.com/ 1. Is DNA charged? If so, is it positively or negatively charged and why does the DNA possess this charge? 2. What is the flow of genetic information inside a cell – i.e. what is the central dogma of molecular biology? 3. Which of the following pieces of DNA would travel quicker through an agarose gel and why? a. 400 basepairs in length b. 1000 basepairs in length c. 2000 basepairs in length 4. List two uses that you can think of that would apply to the public that resolving DNA on agarose gels could be used to test. Visit the following website and view the animations about DNA, Genes, Chromosomes, Heredity, Proteins, and Traits. http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/oldtour/ http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/basics/ 1. What organelle within our cell contains our genomic DNA? 2. What does DNA stand for? 3. What is the name of the sugar in the backbone of DNA? 4. What makes up a gene and what can happen if a gene were mutated? 5. Do two brothers have the same genetic makeup? Why or why not? a) What about fraternal twins? Why or why not? b) What about identical twins? Why or why not? 6. Where are proteins made in the cell? a)What cellular structure makes proteins from an mRNA chain? Part II: Mitosis and Meiosis https://youtu.be/nMEyeKQClqI 1. Work through the following tutorial on meiosis and answer the following questions. http://www.slideshare.net/philcohen37/meiosis-15041009?utm_source=slideshow02&utm_medium=ssemail&utm_campaign=share_slideshow A. What is the arrangement of the chromosomes after DNA replication in a heterozygote if no crossing over has occurred? B. Why in a heterozygote Aa do you get 50% A and 50% a gametes after meiosis? C. How do chromosomes line up at metaphase 1 of meiosis? D. A cell has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. Describe the potential chromosomal alignments at metaphase 1 of meiosis. E. An organism has the genotype AaBb, where the A and B loci are carried by non-homologous chromosomes. What is the genotypes of gametes that it will produce and why? 2. Visit the following website and view the animations showing mitosis and meiosis side by side http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/baby/divi_flash.html A. Describe what is happening to the total amount of DNA in the cell in mitosis versus meiosis. B. What are the similarities between mitosis and meiosis? C. What are the key differences between mitosis and meiosis? Part III: DNA Visit the following website: http://www.dnatutorial.com/ 1. Is DNA charged? If so, is it positively or negatively charged and why does the DNA possess this charge? 2. What is the flow of genetic information inside a cell – i.e. what is the central dogma of molecular biology? 3. Which of the following pieces of DNA would travel quicker through an agarose gel and why? a. 400 basepairs in length b. 1000 basepairs in length c. 2000 basepairs in length 4. List two uses that you can think of that would apply to the public that resolving DNA on agarose gels could be used to test.Explanation / Answer
Q.1
Nucleus is a membrane bound organelle which contain genomic DNA. It is the site for DNA replication, Transcription. Mitochondria - power house of the cell is also a membrane bound organelle which contain mitochondrial DNA.
Q.2
DNA - Deoxyribonucleic acid. It consist of Nitrogenous base (namely Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine), Sugar (Deoxyribose) and Phosphate molecule.
Q.3
DNA consist of deoxyribose sugar . Whereas RNA consist of Ribose. Both are pentose sugar but DNA lacks Oxygen molecule at 2' position.
Q.4
A gene consist of a promotor, exon (coding region), intron (non-coding region), intron-exon splicing junction, Terminator sequence.
Mutation in a gene can be lethal or tolerable. Synonymous mutations causes no change in the amino acid sequence, whereas non-synonymous mutation can change the amino acid sequence which in turn will affect the protein functionality.
Q.5.
Two brothers dont have the similar genetic makeup, it is because each gamates (from father and mother) carry different allele, when these gametes fuse they form different combinations of allele. So two brothers are different both in genotype and phenotype.
Faternal twins are dizygotic twins which means two ova is fertilized by two sperm. As i mentioned each and every gamates (both from father and mother) differ in their genetic makeup. When these gamates fuse the kind of genetic makeup obtained is quite different.
Identical twins are monozygotic twins which mean they are obtained from the division of single zygote. They differ at SNP level, methylation pattern and at other epigenetic factor.
Q.6
Proteins are synthesized in the cytoplasm and in the lumen of Rough ER.
Ribosome is the site for protein synthesis. mRNA is translated by ribosome and tRNA.
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