Translation of the insulin mRNA produces a precursor protein of 110 amino acids,

Question

Translation of the insulin mRNA produces a precursor protein of 110 amino acids, shown in the diagram below 50 A signal sequence (gray) at the N-terminal end of the insulin precursor protein targets the protein to the lumen of the ER. In the ER, the signal sequence is cleaved off, and three disulfide bonds are formed between pairs of Cys residues Proteases then cleave the precursor protein at two sites, each adjacent to a pair of basic amino acids (called dibasic sites, green), releasing the C peptide (blue). Finally, the dibasic sites are removed. This generates the mature insulin protein, consisting of the A (yellow) and B (purple) chains joined by a pair of disulfide bonds. It is this mature form of the insulin protein that is secreted into the blood. The different regions of the insulin precursor protein are referred to as domains. Depending on which domain they are found in, SNPs can have profoundly different effects on the function of the mature insulin protein. Which domain of the insulin precursor protein is affected by each of the four SNPs? Terms may be used once, more than once, or not at all. View Available Hint(s) Reset Help signal sequence B chain dibasic site A chai C peptide 1. In patient 1, the SNP causes a Val 42 Gly amino acid change that is located in the 2. In patient 2, the SNP causes a Ala 74?Thr amino acid change that is located in the 3. In patient 3, the SNP causes an Arg 55-Pro amino acid change that is located in the 4. In patient 4, the SNP causes a Tyr 103-stop change that is located in the

Explanation / Answer

1. B chain - Amino acid val 42 present in the B chain.

2. C Peptide - Amino acid Ala 74 present in the C peptide

3. Dibasic site - Amino acid Arg 55 present in the Dibasic site

4. A chain - Amino acid tyr 103 present in the A chain.

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