Which of the following are examples of mechanisms by which ectotherms regulate b

Question

Which of the following are examples of mechanisms by which ectotherms regulate body temperature? Select all that apply.

a. Moving to areas with lower temperature

b. Spending time in the sun.

c. Activate metabolism to increase temperature.

d. Orient the body towards heat sources to warm up.

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2. Many hormones affect homeostasis and often there are two hormones with opposite effects. What is the advantage of having two hormones with opposite function? (pick one)

a. homeostasis often requires two seperate echanisms with opposing effects to keep set parameters.

b. Having two seperate hormones allows homeostasis to have redundant loops, providing multiple paths to the same outcome.

c. The two hormones can work simultaneously and only the stronger one will ultimately have an effect.

Explanation / Answer

1. Ectotherms are those organisms which rely on external sources of heat rather than producing heat from metabolism.

They either orient their body towards heat sources to warm up such as bask under the sun to regulate their body temperature or take shelter in shades during very high temperatures. Their metabolism produce very little or negligible amount of heat.

So the correct options are a, b, d.

2. Homeostasis stands for maintaining constant equilibrium inside the body. They are regulated by various regulatory mechanism. Hormones with opposite effects are often seen operating behind maintaining equilibrium. The antagonist effect of hormones helps regulate the homeostasis either by producing the substances which are being exhausted or by lowering the substances present in excess amount. For exsmple- glucose level in blood increases after feeding which needs to be controlled. Insulin helps in conversion of glucose into glycogen, thus maintaining the blood glucose level. When the body needs more glucose as in case of exercise or fasting, glucagon breaks down glycogen to produce glucose so as to increase the blood glucose level. Therefore, insulin and glucagon are hormones with opposite effects yet important in maintaining blood glucose levels.

So only option a is correct.

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