14. The of fungi are similar to plant roots, anchoring the fruiting body to a su
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14. The of fungi are similar to plant roots, anchoring the fruiting body to a surface and growing outwardly to obtain nutrients and water a. Hyphae b. Spores c. Yeast d. Mycorrhiza 15. The teeth of mammals are critical for the digestion of food. a- Chemical b. Mechanical c. Proteolytic 16. Fungi feed on dead and decaying matter and are considered organisms. b. Parasitic c. Pathogenic d. Vampire 17. The two strands of a DNA molecule are held together by a. Hydrogen bonds b. Van der waals forces d. Covalent bonds 18. For insects and birds, food is moistened and stored in the a. Midgut b. Hindgut c. Foregut d. Crop e. Cecac 19. During the TCA cycle, isocitrate is modified to become oxalosuccinate. In this reaction, isocitrate is being a. Oxidized b. Reduced Isocitrate Fill In The Blank (2 points per blank) 20. The canal is a digestive tube with two openings. and 21. Transport vesicles carrying proteins break off from the (a) carry the proteins for processing and maturation in the (b)Explanation / Answer
14. The hyphae in fungi are filamentous structure. They grow outwardly forming branches (mycelium) in search of food. They secrete digestive enzymes to decay the food and absorb them. Hyphae provides anchoring of fungal body to a surface and absorb food and water.
Spores of fungi are thick walled cells of fungi which are exclusively dormant. They are produced and released from the fruiting body of the fungus. They grow under favourable condition and give rise to new fungal body.
Yeast are a type of fungi which are unicellular. They belong to the ascomycota.
Mycorrhiza is the association of fungi with roots of vascular plant. They form a symbiotic relationship where the fungal part helps in absorption of nutrients and in return gets food from the plant.
So, hyphae is the right answer.
15. Teeth are involved in mastication of food, that is, breaking the food into smaller particles which can be easily digested. Chewing of food is the mechanical digestion of food, the food is btoken into smaller pieces. So teeth play a critical role in chewing.
Proteolytic digestion, enzymatic digestion and chemical digestion of food are carried out by secretion of digestive enzymes, proteolytic enzyme and HCl.
So, option b is correct.
16. Parasites are those organisms which lives inside or on surface of other orgsnism and rely on them for their food.
Pathogens are disease causing organisms.
Those organisms which feed on blood are also referred to as vampires.
Those organisms which feed on dead and decaying matter are referred to as saprophytes.
The correct option a.
17. According to Watson and Crick model of DNA, the DNA is a double stranded structure in which the two strands are held together by formation of hydrogen bonds. The hydrogen bonds are formed between the nitrogenous bases present on the DNA strands.
Correct option a.
18. Crop is a pouch like structure which serves as a temporary store for food. Insects and birds have crop where the food is moistened and stored.
19. The reaction involved in conversion of isocitrate to oxalosuccinate requires action of isocitrate dehydrgenase enzyme. The enzyme oxidises isocitrate, releasing Hydrogen ions to be absorbed by NAD+.
20. The alimentary canal is also known as the digestive tube with two openings. It consists of mouth (the opening where food enters), oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and the terminal opening anus.
21. The proteins are produced by ribosomes in a cell. The ribosomes are generally present on the surface of endoplasmic reticulum. After the protein is produced in endoplasmic reticulum, it forms transport vesicles which carry the proteins for processing and maturation in the golgi complex.
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