Prior to 1800 in England, the typical moth of the species Biston betularia (pepp

Question

Prior to 1800 in England, the typical moth of the species Biston betularia(peppered moth) had a light pattern. Dark colored moths were rare. By the late 19th century, the light-colored moths were rare, and the moths with dark patterns were abundant.

The cause of this change was hypothesized to be selective predation by birds (JW Tutt, 1896). During the industrial revolution, soot and other wastes from industrial processes killed tree lichens and darkened tree trunks. Thus, prior to the pollution of the industrial revolution, dark moths stood out on light-colored trees and were vulnerable to predators. With the rise of pollution, however, the coloring of moths vulnerable to predators changed to light.

Which of the following aspects of Darwin’s theory of evolution does the story of the peppered moth most clearly illustrate?

a

There is competition for resources in an overbred population.

b

There is great variability among members of a population.

c

There is differential reproduction of individuals with favorable traits.

d

The majority of characteristics of organisms are inherited.

Explanation / Answer

Option a - There is a competition for resources in an overbred population

Explanation: This question is based on natural selection and industrial melanism. Natural selection favors only when the individuals face competition for resources. In the case of the peppered moth, light moths were able to produce more offsprings. This resulted in a competition for resources and hence after several years, the coloring of moths vulnerable to predators changed to light.

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