Write in your own words how Godfrey(1994) suggests two “routes’ to obiigate hype

Question

Write in your own words how Godfrey(1994) suggests two “routes’ to obiigate hyperparsitoidism- what are these two alternative evolutionary paths?? How hyperparasitism may have evolved is a little more straightforward, and God- fray (1994) suggests two possible routes becoming an obligate hyperparasitoid. Obligate hyperparasitoids may have evolved from facultative hyperparasitoids that fed on the herbivorous host and/or the primary parasitoid if the host was parasitized. The step from facultative to obligate hyperpara- sitoid requires only that the parasitoid lose the ability to feed on the herbivorous host, which would most likely occur when host parasitism by other primary parasitoids is frequent. Alternatively, obligate hyperpara- sitoids may evolve by means of a host shift; they may have shifted from being a primary parasitoid of an herbivorous host to a hy- perparastoid of a primary parasitoid that is closely related to the original herbivorous host. For instance, hyperparasitoids that attack hymenopteran primary parasitoids may have evolved from primary parasitoids of sawflies, which are also members of the Hymenoptera. Given the phylogenetic diver sity of hyperparasitoids, hyperparasitism is to

Explanation / Answer

The two alternative evolutionary paths of obligate hyperparasitoids as suggested by Godfray are as follows:

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