Comparative genomics has been used in studying disease in understanding public h

Question

Comparative genomics has been used in studying disease in understanding public health concerns. Conduct an internet search for comparative genomics and one of the following diseases: (a) Foot and Mouth virus, (b) Leishmania, (c) polymicrobial diseases, or (d) one of your choosing not listed here. In your posting, summarize (a) what is the health concern with the disease, (b) how and why were comparative genomics used in the study, and (c) what insights to the disease and public health were learned in the study. Include at least 2 reference citations.

Explanation / Answer

Answer (a) Health Concern with Leishmaniasis: It is a parasitic disease that control the immune system mainly neutrophil cell of host for its own purposes. Leishmaniasis causes skin sores, liver and spleen damage; the most serious form of the disease, called visceral leishmaniasis, is potentially fatal if left untreated. Globally, 12 million peoples in tropical and subtropical regions have disease, which causes about 50,000 deaths each year. Moreover recent studies shows that the climate changes there is an increase risk of spreading of the pathogen by the sand fly vector western countries hence risk to human population. There are no effective vaccines available against any kind of Leishmaniasis. Only drug available for initial treatment, so it is major health issue for WHO [1].

(b) By comparative genomics, Comparisons is possible for the detection of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions and deletions (INDELs), aneuploidy and gene copy number variations by which effective disease modifying drugs will be developed which will control the disease at early stage and have minimal side effect [2].

Two citation:

Maroli, M., et al. "Phlebotomine sandflies and the spreading of leishmaniases and other diseases of public health concern." Medical and veterinary entomology 27.2 (2013): 123-147.

Davis, Antony J., Henry W. Murray, and Emanuela Handman. "Drugs against leishmaniasis: a synergy of technology and partnerships." Trends in parasitology 20.2 (2004): 73-76.

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