1.Which of the following stimuli increase insulin secretion? a.increased blood p

Question

1.Which of the following stimuli increase insulin secretion?

a.increased blood plasma epinephrine levels

b.decreased blood plasma glucose levels

c.increased glucagon levels

d.increased blood plasma amino acid levels

2.Which of the following is promoted by glucagon?

a.glycogenesis

b.protein synthesis

c.triglyceride synthesis

d.gluconeogenesis

3.Which bone cell does growth hormone stimulate?

a.osteoclasts

b.osteocytes

c.chondrocytes

d.osteoblasts

4.Synthesize thyroid hormones require iodine.

true

false

a.increased blood plasma epinephrine levels

b.decreased blood plasma glucose levels

c.increased glucagon levels

d.increased blood plasma amino acid levels

Explanation / Answer

1. increased blood plasma epinephrine levels stimulate the secretion of insulin.

This effect is mediated by a transient increase in hepatic glucose production and an inhibition of glucose disposal by insulin-dependent tissues. Epinephrine augments hepatic glucose production by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. Although its effect on glycogenolysis rapidly wanes, hyperglycemia continues because the effects of epinephrine on gluconeogenesis and glucose disposal persist. Epinephrine-induced hyperglycemia is markedly accentuated by concomitant elevations of glucagon and cortisol or in patients with diabetes.

2. Glucagon has important effects on protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. In some cases, a direct effect of growth hormone has been clearly demonstrated, in others, IGF-I is thought to be the critical mediator, and some cases it appears that both direct and indirect effects are at play.

3. chondrocytes

The major role of growth hormone in stimulating body growth is to stimulate the liverand other tissues to secrete IGF-I. IGF-I stimulates proliferation of chondrocytes(cartilage cells), resulting in bone growth.

4. True

The thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and its prohormone, thyroxine (T4), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland that are primarily responsible for regulation of metabolism. T3 and T4 are partially composed of iodine.

A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T3 and T4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T4), which has a longer half-life than T3.

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