Problem #1 (25 points) Address Space, Memory Consider a hypothetical 12-bit proc

Question

Problem #1 (25 points) Address Space, Memory Consider a hypothetical 12-bit processor called HYP12 with all registers, including PC and SP, being 12 bits long. The smallest addressable unit in memory is an 8-bit byte. A. (4 points) What is the size of HYP12's address space in bytes and KB? Address space: Address space: Bytes KB (KiloBytes). B. (4 points) Assume that first quarter of the address space is dedicated for HYP12's RAM memory and the remaining address space is reserved for HYP 12's Flash table below memory. Give address ranges for the RAM and Flash memories. Fill in the Starting address End address RAM memory Flash memory The MSP430F2013 is a microcontroller with 64KB of address space divided between code memory (flash), RAM memory, and input/output peripherals. It has 128 Bytes of RAM memory starting at the address 0x0200, and 256 Bytes of address space reserved for special purpose registers and 8-bit input/output peripherals (starting at the address Ox0000) followed by 256 Bytes reserved for 16-bit input/output peripherals. The flash memory of 2 KB resides at the top of address space (highest addresses in the address space). C. (10 points) Determine the address map by filling in the following table. Sections in Flash Memory RAM Memory VO address VO address s Address Address xadecimal]address Last Flash address First Flash address Last RAM address First RAM address Last LO address (16-bit First VO address (16-bit Last LO address (8-bit First VO address (8-bit D. (7 points) What is the program stack (what is it, where is it located, and how we deal with it)? What is the maximunm stack size in the MSP430F2013 described above? What should be the initial value of SP?

Explanation / Answer

A. PC size is 12 bits. Hence addressing capability will be 212 = 4096 Bytes or 4KiloBytes

B. One quarter of 4096 Bytes is 1024 Bytes

Hence RAM Size is 1024 Bytes &

& Flash Size is 3072 Bytes

Starting Address of RAM = 0x000 End Address of RAM = 0x3FF

Starting Address of Flash = 0x400 End Address of Flash = 0xFFF

C.

Last Flash Address = 0xFFFF

First Flash Address = 0xF800

Last RAM Address = 0x027F

First RAM Address = 0x0200

Last IO Address = (16 bit) = 0x01FF

First IO Address = (16 bit) = 0x0100

Since 256 bytes are reserved for Special function Registers and 8 bit IO. Can't answer how much is specifically for 8 bit IO.

D. Stack is a special memory allocated for specially program control instructions to store and retrieve return address if branching / jumping instruction are used from a runniing program. What goes first into the stack memory comes out last from it. Stack Pointer register is used to track PUSH /POP instructions.

Initial value of SP is usually the Highest address + 1 as it decrements SP by 1 to write .

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