# P4A Exp. 4 Objectives (Student Learning Outcomes): After completing this exper
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# P4A Exp. 4 Objectives (Student Learning Outcomes): After completing this experiment, a successful to predict and verify the range of a projectile fired borizontal direction. student will be able to recognize the range of a projectile varies with the angle of projectile Apparatus: ballistic pendulum apparatus, a plastic ball, a 1-n stick and a 2-m stick, steel carbon paper, masking tape, plum bob, lage c-clamp ruler, white paper, Procedure: Lab Safety Precautions: 1. Never look into the froat of the barrel because it may be loaded, and accidental shooting of a ball serious injury in the eye. To check if the ball is in the barrel and whether the projectile launcher is at the slots in the side of the barrel. The yellow indicator seen through the side slot indicates the piston and the ball can be seen through these slots when it is in the piston. 2. Before shooting the ball, make certain that no person is in the way 3. Always cock the ball with ramrod in the piston. Do not put your finger in the barrel to load of a ball may cause position of the Damage to the piston may occur if the ramrod is used without the ball.) 4. Before shooting the ball, make certain that no person may cause a scrious injury is touching the device. Accidental shooting of a ball Part A: shooting a plastic ball at the horizontal direction. 1. The apparatus should be set near one edge of the the projectile launcher to high position. The angle of inclination above the horizontal is adjusted by loosening both thumb screws and rotating the launcher to the desired angle as indicated by the small plumb bob and protractor on the side of launcher. lab table, and lightly clamp its base to the lab table. Attach 2. Put the plastic ball into the projectile launcher and cock it to the medium range position (second- click position in the barrel). Fire the ball several times to get an idea of the area on the floor within which the ball falls. Place a white paper on the floor over the area where the ball strikes and use masking tape to fix the paper in a position from which horizontal range measurements may be easily made. Place a sheet of carbon paper, carbon side down, over the white paper and tape it down. When the ball hits the floor, it will leave a mark on the white paper 3. Fire the projectile launcher about ten times. Make sure that the projectile launcher apparatus does not move in the slightest during these firings or the data will be compromised 4. Measure the vertical distance from the bull's eye mark on the side of the barrel. Record this distance. Use a plumb bob to find the point on the floor that is directly beneath the center of the bull's eye on the side of the launching barrel. Measure the horizontal distance from the vertical drop point of the plumb bob on the floor to the marks on the range paper. Measure the range for each shot. Record the measured values in the table. 5. Compute the average range of the projectile. Record the result in the next table. Vertical distance of fall242 m (3sf)Explanation / Answer
6. from the given data table
Vertical deistance of fall, h = 2.42 m
horizontal distance, average, Rav = 2.42 m
hence
let initial speed of firing be v
AS THE CANON IS FIRED HORIZONTALLY
for time of flight t
h = 0.5gt^2
and
Rav = vt
hence
v = Rav/t = Rav*sqrt(g/2h)
v = 2.42*sqrt(9.81/2*2.42) = 3.4453 m/s
part b.
1. theta = 35 deg
2. for vertical motion, time of flight = t
h = -v*sin(theta)*t + 0.5gt^2
from previously calculated value of v
2.42 = -3.4453*sin(35)*t + 0.5gt^2
4.9t^2 - 1.976143t - 2.42 = 0
t = 0.93181827 s
hence
horizontal range, R = vcos(theta)*t = 2.6298 m
from the results
Rex = 3.42 m
hence % difference = (Rex - R)*100/R = 30.16%
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