Kardia is Greek for Heart, but theologically the term is referring to functions
ID: 227239 • Letter: K
Question
Kardia is Greek for Heart, but theologically the term is referring to functions of the brain. The kardia is a portion of the soul and the repository of a human’s point of view, as well as the memory center. Because of these abilities, the kardia is the “originator”, and emotions are the “responder”. Based on what you know about the general functions of each of the brains regions, identify the areas of the brain associated with the functions described above for the Kardia. ( PLEASE!! CAN NOT BE COPIED WORD FOR WORD FROM A SOURCE!! THANK YOU.)
Explanation / Answer
The kardia is the “originator”, and emotions are the “responder”. The general functions of each of the brains regions, that regulates the functions of Kardia (heart) with adequate heart rate followed secretion of ANP (natriuretic peptides) to maintain body homeostasis are completely under the control of cerebellum and cerebraum, Diancephalo. The motions & responder to the Kardia is going to occur via autonomic ganglia, in which both sympathetic and parasympathetic secretions maintain adequate "Kardia" responses as explained below
Hypothalamus: A variety of functions performed by this part and it possess small nuclei associated with neuronal connections, which connects central nervous system to the pituitary hypophyseal region. Hypothalamus has crucial part of the limbic system and enables secretion of various neurohormones to perform metabolic functions to mediate "kardia" rate & regulating body temperature etc.
2. Epithalaums: This is another division of thalamus associated with diencephalon & links basal ganglia of the limbic system mainly involved in motor control. This is going to link through the innervations with autonomic ganglia that further innervates to "Kardia smooth muscles". Predominantly functions include melatonin secretion and various hormonal secretions from pituitary and pineal body to regulate biological rhythms. This part functions to regulate emotions.
Cerebellum has involved in explicit memory and processing of memory information via cholinergic pathways through fast ligand gated nicotinic receptors, & these activities are responsible for memory events & emotions.
Amygdala is the part attached to the hippocampus and mainly involved in learning and memory process via longterm potentiation by the activity of NMDA receptors. Long term and contextual memory is under the control of amygdale. Lesions in amygdale result in retrograde amnesia.
Short-term memory events are based signaling cascades, which do not involve any “protein synthesis”. It is only involves mediating signaling though ion channels modulation by NMDA or AMPA receptors. Early long- term potentiation (LTP) is mainly involved with no gene expression or protein synthesis.
Long-term memory events are involved with meticulous intracellular structural changes mediated by gene expression & protein synthesis due to ionotropic glutamate- receptor stimulation to produce late LTP trough calcium influx (where magnesium is removed from the channel of NMDA).
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