Describe the movement of electron during oxidative phosphorylation naming all th

Question

Describe the movement of electron during oxidative phosphorylation naming all the respiratory enzyme complexes and the electron carriers. Describe the movement of electrons in the photo systems of photosynthesis, including the splitting of water and the transfer of electrons to NADPH. Explain how the cell is able to ensure that there is symmetric growth of the phospholipid bilayer and that there is asymmetric distribution of phospholipids? How is glucose transported into and out of the gut epithelium? Explain how Ca^+2 is transported from the cytosol into the sarcoplasmic reticulum in muscle cells and why Ca^+2 is typically kept at a low concentration in the cytosol. Explain how an action potential travels only forward along an axon and how an electrical signal is converted to a chemical signal at the synapse.

Explanation / Answer

There are five respiratory enzyme complexes which are involved in electron transport during oxidative phosphorylation .Those are given below as per sequence of electron flow from start to end point.

2.     Succinate-Q oxidoreductase (complex II):- In this step the succinate get oxidized into the fumarate and reduce the ubiquinone. One more thing is unique about this step is that the proton does not transport across the membrane. Hence it will not help in proton gradient formation across the membrane. This step releases the less energy in comparison to the first step.

3.     Q-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III):-

In this step the oxidation of ubiquinol occurs and cytochrome c gets reduced. There is a heme protein associated with mitochondria which carries the two electrons and cytochrome c carries the one electron only.

4.     Cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV):- In this reaction the electron transferred to the oxygen which helps in pushing the proton across the membrane. Electron gets transferred toward oxygen, which helps in water molecule synthesis. This helps in oxidation of cytochrome c and oxygen reduction.

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