1. What is the definition of an Autonomous System (AS)? 2. Can you name few type
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1. What is the definition of an Autonomous System (AS)? 2. Can you name few types of Autonomous Systems? 3. What is the maximum number of Autonomous systems Internet car have? 4. What are the main features of Transient Autonomous System? 5. What are two main Routing Algorithms currently being used to discover the shortest path? 6. Name the protocols that are used for Intra-domain and Inter-domain routing. 7. Which algorithm does RIP use? 8. What are the two main messages exchanged for RIP? 9. What are the main deficiencies of RIP? 10. Can you name a routing protocol that uses Link State Algorithm?Explanation / Answer
(1)An Autonomous system (AS) is a collection of connected Internet Protocol (IP) routing prefixes under the control of one or more network operators on behalf of a single administrative entity or domain that presents a common, clearly defined routing policy to the Internet.
(2)Autonomous systems can be grouped into four categories, depending on their connectivity and operating policy.
A multihomed autonomous system is an AS that maintains connections to more than one other AS. This allows the AS to remain connected to the Internet in the event of a complete failure of one of their connections. However, unlike a transit AS, this type of AS would not allow traffic from one AS to pass through on its way to another AS.
A stub autonomous system refers to an AS that is connected to only one other AS. This may be an apparent waste of an AS number if the network's routing policy is the same as its upstream AS's. However, the stub AS may, in fact, have peering with other autonomous systems that is not reflected in public route-view servers. Specific examples include private interconnections in the financial and transportation sectors.
A transit autonomous system is an AS that provides connections through itself to other networks. That is, network A can use network B, the transit AS, to connect to network C. If one AS is an ISP for another, then the former is a transit AS.
An Internet Exchange Point autonomous system (IX or IXP) is a physical infrastructure through which Internet service providers (ISPs) or content delivery networks (CDNs) exchange Internet traffic between their networks (autonomous systems). Usually Internet Exchange Point ASNs are transparent.
(5)There are two major categories of routing algorithms that can be used by routing protocols—distance vector or link-state.
(6)BGP is the only interdomain routing protocol in use today. It basically gives your router information about how to reach other networks. However, it consider the number of domains traversed.
An intra-domain routing protocols are RIP, EIGRP, OSPF or IS-IS and they focuses on distributing routes based on link quality (bandwidth, latency) or load balancing.
(7)RIP is a Distance Vector protocol and uses the Bellmann-Ford algorithm for determining the best route.
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