Using first order linear models and a constant temperature across the beam, and
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Using first order linear models and a constant temperature across the beam, and no thermal loss Structure: A singler crystal silicon beam is 200um long, 80um tall, and 5unm wide, p-0010-am. a) 5 volts are applied across the length of the beam for 1 s. How hot does the beam get (show your work)? 1. b) Explain how a real device differs from this linear model? 2. Bottom layer is Q Au (100/ 2000), Middle layer is Ni/ or, top layer is Ni. How would you build the structure?List steps and why you would use that method a)Explanation / Answer
14 ans) “Anisotropic” refers to the properties of a material that is dependent on the direction. Another condition that can fit the anisotropic definition is the presence of different properties in different directions. A different chemical bonding in all directions is also a condition for anisotropy.
A mineral can be considered as anisotropic if it allows some light to pass through it. The mineral’s upper polar system allows light to pass through; in truth, it affects the polarization of light. The velocity of light is also different, and there is double refraction (which means that light is split in two directions). In anisotropic minerals, double refraction can lead to either of its two possible types – uniaxial (meaning one optic axis) or biaxial (two axes).
Anisotropic materials are often found in different fields like computer graphics, chemistry, real-world imagery, physics, geography and geophysics, medical acoustics, material science and engineering, microfabrication, and neuroscience.
On the other hand, isotropic materials or minerals have the uniform properties in all directions; isotropic materials are said to be independent in direction or manner. An implication of a material or mineral being isotropic is that the chemical bonds within it are all identical in all directions.
An isotropic mineral can appear or remain dark when light passes through it; the uniform structure of the mineral blocks the light from all directions. In addition, light doesn’t affect the mineral’s polarization or the direction of light. The velocity of light is in all directions, and the index of refraction is everywhere.
Isotropic materials are found in many industries like mathematics, physics, materials science, geography, economics, and biology. In terms of word structure, “anisotropic” is derived from “isotropic.” The Greek prefix “an” indicates a contrast in meaning and use from the attached base or root word. In this case, the root word is “isotropic,” which literally means “equal direction.” “Iso” is the Greek word for “equal,” while “tropic” means “direction” in the Greek
13 ans) advantage of CVD over sputtered films
advantages of CVD over sputtered films include relatively high deposition rates, and the fact that CVD often doesn't require as high a vacuum as PVD processes. CVD also has a number of disadvantages. One of the primary disadvantages lies in the properties of the precursors.
12 ans) Xenon difluoride is a powerful fluorinating agent with the chemical formula XeF2, and one of the most stable xenon compounds. Like most covalent inorganic fluorides it is moisture sensitive. It decomposes on contact with light or water vapour. Xenon difluoride is a dense, white crystalline solid. It has a nauseating odour but low vapor pressure. It has a strong characteristic infrared doublet at 550 cm-1 and 556 cm-1.
Chemical Formula: Xe + F2 ? XeF2
Chemical Name: Xenon Difluoride
Xenon difluoride is a strong fluorinating and oxidising agent and one of the most stable xenon compounds.With fluoride ion acceptors, it forms XeF+ and Xe2F+3 species which are even more powerful fluorinators.
Xenon difluoride is also used as a gaseous etchant for silicon, particularly in the production of microelectromechanical systems, (MEMS).
Metallized xenon difluoride has potential future use as a new class of solid fuels.
7 ans) Aspect ratio is an image projection attribute that describes the proportional relationship between the width of an image and its height. For example, movies, which are usually shot with a wide-angle lens, have an aspect ratio that is typically 16:9, which means that the width of the image area is almost twice its height. The traditional television and computer display, on the other hand, are designed for an aspect ratio of 1.33:1, which means that the width of the display area is only 1.33 times the height, almost square. The inconsistency between movie and television aspect ratios has generally meant compromising the size or completeness of the image when you watch a movie on a standard TV set. Many newer television displays, such as those using HDTV technology, have a widescreen format with an aspect ratio of 16:9.4 ans) Bosch process
The Haber process, also called the Haber–Bosch process, is an artificial nitrogen fixation process and is the main industrial procedure for the production of ammonia today. It is named after its inventors, the German chemists Fritz Haber and Carl Bosch, who developed it in the first half of the 20th century.
USE OF BOSCH PROCESS
Ammonia is used to make fertilisers, explosives, dyes, household cleaners and nylon. It is also the most important raw material in the manufacture of nitric acid. Ammonia is manufactured by combining nitrogen and hydrogen in an important industrial process called the Haber process.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN REACTIVE ION ETCHING AND BOSCH PROCESS
Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) is a means of etching deep, high aspect ratio (~30:1) silicon structures. This is
accomplished in part by using a switched gas scheme that includes both a passivation and etch step, otherwise known as the Bosch Process
Aspect ratio. The aspect ratio of a geometric shape is the ratio of its sizes in different dimensions. For example, the aspect ratio of a rectangle is the ratio of its longer side to its shorter side – the ratio of width to height, when the rectangle is oriented as a "landscape".
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