Question 5 (a) Briefly describe the characteristics of an operational amplifier

Question

Question 5 (a) Briefly describe the characteristics of an operational amplifier (op-amp) and describe (b) The level of liquid in a vertical cylindrical tank is controlled by a two-position level (20 marks) two examples of where it can be used in signal conditioning circuits. (4 marks) controller. The following data was recorded for the tank and flow system 0.8 m tank diameter inlet flow rate (valve open) inlet flow rate (valve closed) outlet flow rate (constant) desired operating level dead band (neutral zone) dead time lag 18 1/min min min 1.2 m Determine (i) The amplitude of oscillation of the water level in the tank (ii) The period of this oscillation (ii) The duty cycle of the control valve (iv) The maximum level of water in the tank (10 marks)

Explanation / Answer

Low pass , high pass , band pass and notch fiters are used for signal conditioning in control sytems

For example, sensors reporting such things as temperature or flow rate have relatively slow-changing signals. A low-pass filter would allow the sensor signal to pass while rejecting higher-frequency electrical noise, as from motors or relays. The notch filter is also particularly useful. It can be used to attenuate a particular noise frequency, such as 60 Hz, and pass everything else.  

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