Jupiter\'s Moon Europa has been suggested as having a liquid water ocean beneath

Question

Jupiter's Moon Europa has been suggested as having a liquid water ocean beneath its icy surface. Which of the following techniques might be used by a future spacecraft to confirm the presence of an ocean [CHECK ALL THAT APPLY Select one or more A Optical spectroscopy to look for the spectral signature of liquid water. B. The use of radar to map the boundary between water and ice C. Detailed analysis of the spacecraft's orbit to determine the gravitational field of Europa and hence constrain its internal structure. D X-ray observations to see through the ice and into the ocean

Explanation / Answer

B & C

Optical spectroscopy is not effective for detecting water which buried under ice.

X-rays also not effective in seeing through ice.

So we can use

Radar to map the boundary between ice and water.

Detailed analysis of the spacecraft's orbit to determine the gravitational field of Europa and hence constrain its internal structure.

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