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1 - What does the spectrum tell you about the frequency content of chirp signals

ID: 2304839 • Letter: 1

Question

1 - What does the spectrum tell you about the frequency content of chirp signals?

2- Repeat this task for the case where the frequency is decreasing from 2000 to 200 Hz. Does the spectrum make it easy to see that the chirp is decreasing or increasing in frequency?

3- Think about ways we could make it clearer to see that a chirp’s frequency is increasing or decreasing. Have a look at ‘time-frequency analysis’ and the ‘spectrogram’ to get an idea on how we can improve Fourier analysis in the case of non-stationary signals.

0.5 0.5 -1 0.08 0.09 0.1 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 0 0.01 0.02 0.5 0.5 -1 4.95 4.97 4.98 4.99 4.9 4.91 4.92 4.93 4.94 4.96 0.03 0.02 0.01 0 800 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 200 400 600 1000

Explanation / Answer

The frequency content of chirp signals from the given chatrs as fallows,

The frequencies were calculated for the plots indexed from top to bottom.

i. 200/0.1 = 2000Hz

ii. 22/ 0.1 = 220 Hz

iii chirp signal spectrum

iv. 400/0.1 = 400 Hz

v. 100/ 0.1 = 1000Hz

A chirp is a sinusoid with time varying frequency. In particular a linear chirp has a

frequency which varies linearly with time between two frequencies. The expression is

given by

X(t ) = A cos (2?F(t)t+ ?)

For example in matlab, the following code generates a chirp with frequency varying

between 100Hz and 4,000Hz in 1/10 sec:

Fs=10000;

% sampling frequency in Hz

Ts=1/Fs;

% sampling interval in seconds

t=(0:999)*Ts;

% time axis

y=chirp(t, 100, t(1000), 4000);

% chirp signal

plot(t(1:300), y(1:300))

% plot of first 300 samples

spectrogram

The Short-time Fourier transform is complex valued and its real part and imaginary part are highly

oscillatory and adequate visualization is given by the squared magnitude is the Spectrogram