What were the main achievements from the Kyoto Protocol and Montreal Protocol as

Question

What were the main achievements from the Kyoto Protocol and Montreal Protocol as regards reducing environmental risks and reducing earth’s climate change risks and volatility? How would you assess the outcome of United Nations Climate Change Conference that took place in Paris in December of 2015? Did that Conference bring about further positive changes in terms of agreements among all nations on what actions each country should take? Please provide your own assessment of the results of that Conference. Should future international agreements aim for in achieving further improvements in these respects?   

Explanation / Answer

Kyoto Protocol, 1997 was the first legally binding treaty under UNFCCC which aimed at cutting Green house gas emissions worldwide, thus controlling Global Warming and retarding the pace of Climate change.

Main Achievements -

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, 1987, under UNEP is an international treaty to protect the ozone layer by phasing out the production of ozone depleting substances.

Main Achievements of Montreal Protocol -

The outcome of the Paris Conference, 2015:

The outcome is therefore positive and carries potential to effectively target climate change in near future. However, it is dependent on individual countries to abide by their non-binding commitments and their will to fulfill these commitments will decide the future of our planet.

Future International Agreements should steer towards binding targets with penalties for non-completion. These targets, nevertheless should be based on CBDR principles.

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