1. The approximate age of the solar system in years is _____________ . a. 4.5 mi
ID: 234557 • Letter: 1
Question
1. The approximate age of the solar system in years is _____________ .
a. 4.5 million c. 14 billion
b. 14 million d. 4.5 billion
2. Atoms that are heavier than iron are generally produced by ____________.
a. fission reactions within stars c. explosion of supernovas
b. fusion reactions within stars d. the Big Bang
3. Chemically, the Moon is quite similar to ____________.
a. seawater c. Earth’s mantle
b. Earth’s crust d. Earth’s core
4. An explanation for the origin of planets, moons, asteroids, and comets (i.e. our solar system) is the______________________.
a. expanding Universe theory c. Big Bang theory
b. nebular theory d. theory of plate tectonics
5. Earth’s magnetic field is generated by the ____________.
a. flow of the liquid inner core c. convective flow of the mantle
b. flow of the liquid outer core d. magnetic minerals within the crust
6. What is the deepest layer scientists have drilled into?
a. Crust c. Mantle
b. Inner Core d. Outer Core
7. Wegener’s idea of continental drift was rejected by American geologists because ____________.
a. his English was too poor to be understood by them
b. he could not conceive of a valid mechanism that would cause continents to shift
positions
c. he had relatively little evidence supporting the existence of a supercontinent
d. the apparent fit of continental coastlines is blurred when the margins are defined by the
edges of continental shelves rather than sea level
8. Sea-floor spreading is driven by volcanic activity ____________.
a. in the middle of abyssal plains c. at the edges of continental shelves
b. along mid-ocean ridges d. along fracture zones
9. The oldest basalts on the ocean floor are about ____________ years old.
a. 50 thousand c. 200 million
b. 4 billion d. 2.5 million
10. Tectonic plates move at rates that are approximately ____________.
a. 1 to 5 cm every 1,000 years c. 1 to 15 m/year
b. 1 to 15 cm/year d. 10 to 100 m/year
11. Unlike the lithosphere, the asthenosphere ____________.
a. is able to flow over long periods of time c. varies in thickness from place to place
b. has a density similar to the core d. is relatively cool
12. At a divergent plate boundary (shown below), two opposed plates ____________.
a. move toward one another c. slide past one another
b. move away from one another d. sink down into the mantle
13. Hawaii is an example of ____________.
a. hot-spot volcanism c. volcanic island arc
b. mid-ocean ridge volcanism d. transform margin
14. When two continental plates collide, what is formed?
a. mid ocean ridge c. subduction zone
b. volcanic arc d. mountains
15. Which of the following is NOT a mineral?
a. cubic zirconia, which is a synthetic diamond substitute made in the lab
b. Pearl
c. Ice in nature
d. Choices A and C
e. Choices A and B
16. Minerals can be destroyed by ___________ .
a. melting c. dissolving
b. chemical reactions d. All of the above are correct.
17. The color of a mineral in powdered form is termed ____________.
a. color c. luster
b. specific gravity d. streak
18. The shininess of a mineral is a helpful diagnostic property termed ____________.
a. color c. luster
b. specific gravity d. streak
19. Which of the following minerals is hardest?
a. diamond c. talc
b. quartz d. native iron
20. The most abundant minerals belong to a chemical group termed the ____________.
a. silicates c. halides
b. carbonates d. oxides
21. In which type of silicate are the greatest proportion of oxygen atoms shared by pairs of
adjacent tetrahedra?
a. chain silicates
b. framework silicates
c. sheet silicates
d. Sharing of oxygen atoms does not occur in silicates.
22. Which two gems are special versions of the common mineral corundum (Al2O3)?
a. emeralds and rubies c. aquamarines and emeralds
b. emeralds and sapphires d. sapphires and rubies
23. If, during an earthquake, a hanging wall slides upward relative to a footwall, the fault is termed ____________ if the fault is steep (closer to vertical than horizontal).
a. normal c. strike slip
b. reverse d. thrust
24. Aftershocks following a major earthquake ____________.
a. may continue for days after the initial earthquake
b. are mostly much smaller than the original earthquake
c. may occur on the same fault as the original earthquake, or a different fault
d. All of the above are correct.
25. Body waves include ____________.
a. both S- and P-waves c. both surface and interior waves
b. both L- and R-waves d. P-waves only
26. The key to finding the location of an earthquake’s epicenter is measuring the ____________.
a. difference between the time that the P-wave arrives and the time that the S-wave arrives
at the seismometer station
b. total time it takes for the P-wave and then the S-wave to arrive at the seismometer station
c. difference between the time the S-wave has reached one seismometer station and the
time the S-wave has reached another station
d. difference between the time the P-wave has reached one seismometer station and the
time the P-wave has reached another station
27. The point within Earth where an earthquake takes place is termed the ____________.
a. hypocenter (focus) c. eye of the fault
b. epicenter d. vertex
28. Which earthquake intensity scale assesses the effects of an earthquake on humans and human-made
structures?
a. Richter scale c. seismic-moment magnitude scale
b. Mercalli scale
29. Medium- and deep-focus earthquakes occur along ____________.
a. convergent-plate boundaries only c. transform-plate boundaries only
b. divergent-plate boundaries only d. All of the above are correct.
30. Which of these areas of the United States would you expect to have the highest occurrence of seismic activity?
a. Southeast c. Northeast
b. West d. Central
Explanation / Answer
1)d
2)c
3)c
4)c
5)b
6)a
7)d
8)b
9)c
10)b
11)d
12)B
13)A
14)d
15)a
16)d
17)d
18)c
19)a
20)a
21)b
22)d
23)c
24)d
25)a
26)a
27)a
28)b
29)a
30)a
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