Chapter 8 QUESTION 1 According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21

Question

Chapter 8

QUESTION 1

According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21st century, global sea level may rise as high as

0.2 m (0.7 ft).

0.5 m (1.6 ft).

1.2 m (3.9 m).

2.0 m (6.6 ft).

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 2

The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report concludes

there is no consensus on recent climate trends; some maintain it is mostly human-caused, others maintain it is natural fluctuations.

that while climate change is occurring, it is largely natural climate fluctuations.

humans are likely (95% certainty) responsible for the temperature increase from 1951 to 2010.

it is highly doubtful that recent climate trends represent anything more than a temporary perturbation in the long-term climate signal.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 3

Methane (CH4)

Nitrous oxides (N2O)

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 4

Scientists attribute the recent rise in atmospheric concentrations of nitrous oxide (N2O) primarily to

agricultural activity.

wastewater management.

industrial practices.

automobile combustion.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 5

Changes in the orientation of Earth's axis over a 26,000-year cycle is known as

eccentricity.

obliquity.

precession.

inclination.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 6

Per capita emissions of total greenhouse gases are highest in

more-developed countries (MDCs).

less-developed countries (LDCs).

neither LDCs and MDCs; they are approximately equal.

non-populated areas since greatest emissions associated with volcanic eruptions.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 7

The legally binding international agreement to reduce greenhouse gas emissions is known as the

ICRW.

Kyoto Protocol.

Montreal Protocol.

CITES.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 8

Increased cloud cover resulting from warming temperatures may lead to either cloud albedo forcing or cloud greenhouse forcing. Cloud albedo forcing is an example of a ________ feedback loop and cloud greenhouse forcing is an example of a ________ feedback loop.

positive; positive

positive; negative

negative; positive

negative; negative

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 9

Which of the following is CORRECT regarding Arctic sea ice?

Since 1979, summer sea ice minimum extent and winter sea ice maximum extent have declined.

In the summer, most to all sea ice melts, only to refreeze in the winter. However, less water has been refreezing over the past decade.

Summer sea ice reached its minimum extent in 2001 and has gradually increased since then.

Until recently, seasonal variations in sea ice extent were rare.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 10

The majority of human population growth is now occurring in

less-developed countries (LDCs).

more-developed countries (MDCs).

evenly between LDCs and MDCs.

neither LDCs or MDCs; world populations are declining.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 11

An estimated ________ people could be displaced by a sea level rise of 1.0 m (3.2 ft).

1,000,000

10,000,000

100,000,000

130,000,000

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 12

Since 1880, the year with the highest land surface temperature was

2010.

2014.

1985.

1998.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 13

The interdisciplinary study of the causes and consequences of changing climate for all Earth systems and the sustainability of human societies is

meteorology.

paleoclimatology.

climate change science.

climate policy.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 14

Fossil fuel burning accounts for over ________ percent of CO2 emissions.

20

50

70

85

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 15

Which of the following has a negative radiative forcing (i.e. cools the planet)?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

Methane (CH4)

Stratospheric ozone (O3)

Nitrous oxides (N2O)

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 16

During the last century, sea level

rose 17 to 21 cm (6.7 to 8.3 in.).

remained fairly constant, though some areas (such at the Atlantic coast) experienced moderate rises.

dropped 3 to 5 cm (1.18 to 3.15 in.).

rose 30 to 46 cm (11.8 to 18 in.).

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 17

General circulation models (GCMs) of the atmosphere

calculate the concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on data from weather stations located around the globe.

are highly simplistic models that use one or two variables to test the veracity of climate proxies, such as ice core and ocean sediment core samples.

are pre-computer based models that estimated atmospheric and oceanic circulation and are now being used to study climate change.

are based on statistical three-dimensional grids that characterize portions of the atmosphere and ocean in terms of climate-related variables.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 18

As air temperatures increase, evaporation increases, leading to more condensation and cloud formation. Low, thick cloud cover increases the albedo of the atmosphere, thereby having a cooling effect on Earth. This is an example of a

negative feedback loop.

positive feedback loop.

neither a positive or negative feedback loop.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 19

The ________ is a graph which plots monthly averages of CO2 concentrations since 1958.

Younger Dryas

Keeling Curve

PETM

MCA

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 20

Which of the following is NOT an example of methods used for short-term climate reconstructions?

Speleothems analysis

Ocean sediment core analysis

Dendrochronology

Carbon isotope analysis

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 21

Of the following greenhouse gases, which have actually decreased in atmospheric concentrations during the past 30 years?

Methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2)

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

HFCs

Nitrous oxides (N2O)

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 22

have remained relatively constant.

were much higher in the past than the present.

fluctuated over time, but have been increasing since the Industrial Revolution.

reached its maximum about 325,000 years before present.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 23

The most abundant greenhouse gas in Earth's atmosphere is

carbon dioxide (CO2)

water vapor (H2O)

methane (CH4)

nitrous oxide (N2O)

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 24

Which of the following is NOT considered an important carbon sink?

The oceans

Farmlands

Rocks

Forest and soils

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 25

The________ is the most recent epoch of repeated glaciation on Earth.

Pliocene

Miocene

Holocene

Pleistocene

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 26

During the last 800,000, climate reconstructions show that CO2 Never changed more than ________ ppm upward or downward in any span of less than 1,000 years, though it has risen by this amount in the last 13 years.

30

60

120

240

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 27

Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to sea-level rise?

Thermal expansion of seawater

Melting of glaciers

Melting of ice sheets

Melting of sea ice

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 28

The primary anthropogenic source of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) is

clearing and burning land.

rice farming.

burning of fossil fuels.

respiration.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 29

The three key elements of climate change science include the following EXCEPT

study of past climates.

establishing policy on CO2 emissions.

measurement of current climatic change.

projection of future climate scenarios.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 30

Of the following anthropogenic methane (CH4) sources, which is the largest?

Rice paddies

Livestock

Wastewater treatment

Agriculture associated fires

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 31

global surface temperatures will increase throughout the 21st century, but at a very gradual rate.

global surface temperatures will increase until about mid-century, then steadily decrease.

global surface temperatures will increase throughout the 21st century, perhaps by as much as 4°C (7.2°F) by 2100.

global surface temperatures will cool during the most of the 21st century.

0.0625 points   

QUESTION 32

Which of the following is INCORRECT?

Global warming affects overall climate.

Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) causes warming temperatures.

Human activities have increased the amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases.

Scientists can definitively (100% certainty) attribute climate changes to anthropogenic causes alone.

0.2 m (0.7 ft).

0.5 m (1.6 ft).

1.2 m (3.9 m).

2.0 m (6.6 ft).

Explanation / Answer

QUESTION 1 Answer is 2.0 m (6.6 ft)

According to models developed by NOAA, by the end of the 21st century, global sea level may rise as high as 2.0m.

These estimations at least sea level will rise 0.2 m to as much as high 2.0m by 21st century.
But sea level will not be more than 2.0 meters.

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