The Gamalama Volcano is presently erupting. Based on information about this volc

Question

The Gamalama Volcano is presently erupting. Based on information about this volcano reported at volcano.si.edu and knowledge you have acquired while reading this course, use the following table to describe the tectonic setting and architecture of this specific volcano. Then select eruption style/s and product/s which are characteristic for this type of volcano Tectonic setting/s of this volcano Architecture of this volcano Characteristic eruptive activity for this type of volcano Characteristic eruption product/s for this type of volcano

Explanation / Answer

Gamalana is among the Indonesia's most active volcanoes. It is the nearly perfect conical stratovolcano that forms the entire summit of entire Ternate Island in Indonesia. This volcano is located on the subduction zone of South Asia and Pacific plate. The volcano has history of explosive eruptions and then subsequent lava flows since the 16th century. The eruptions were recorded mainly by summit as well as flank eruption in the past since the16th century in 1763,1770,1771,1773,1775,1838,1871 and 1962-63. There are 9 craters at Gamatalana volcano namely Arafat crater, Laguna Lake, Tolire Kecil, Tolire Jaha, Madiena, K1, K2, K3, K4.

Some of the recent eruptions were recorded in year 1980,1983,1988, 1990, 1991,1993, 1994, 2003, 2007, 2011,2014,2015. In 1993,1996 and 2003 pyroclastic flows occur whereas in 2011 lahar occured. During 15-17 Sep 2012 a series of small explosions results in ashfall. There was no eruption till December 2014. After that during 16-20 July ash explosions took place. There were other explosions that took place on 4 August and 8 September. The activity ceased till October 2015.

Tectonic setting - Subduction zone of Asia and Pacific plate

Architecture- nearly perfect conical stratovolcano

Characteristic eruptive activity/ eruption style- highly explosive plinian eruption mainly through summit of volcano in some cases flank eruption also occurs

Characteristic eruption product- pyroclastic flows, lahars, ash flows

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