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What explains why 5 ATP are synthesized for each NADH oxidized inside the mitoch

ID: 23995 • Letter: W

Question

What explains why 5 ATP are synthesized for each NADH oxidized inside the mitochondrial matrix, whereas oxidation of FADH2 generates only 3 ATP? If there are two correct answers, then choose both, otherwise choose "two correct answers are not provided." Two correct answers are not provided. 10 H+ are translocated per NADH oxidized by the ETS, and 2 ATP are synthesized for 10 H+ crossing through the ATP synthase complex, so 10/2 = 5. The ratio for FADH2 is simply 12/6 = 2 ATP. The number of H+ translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane for each NADH and FADH2 oxidized is 3.3 and 2.3, respectively. Multiply by 2 to get 5 ATP/2 NADH and 3 ATP/2 FADH2. Since 2 ATP are made for each 1 NADH oxidized, it is easy to multiply by 2.5 to get 5 ATP per 2 NADH, which is the same thing as writing 5ATP/2NADH. In contrast, 0.5 ATP is made for every 6 FADH2, so multiply 6 by 0.5 and you get 3 ATP/ 2 FADH2. Oxidation of NADH by Complex I translocates 4 H+ across the membrane, whereas oxidation of FADH2 bypasses Complex I. Since 4 H+ return to the matrix for each ATP synthesized, the difference in ATP yield is 2 when comparing 2 NADH to 2 FADH2. Considering the number of subunits in the "a" ring of the Fo complex is 10, and the number of ATP made is 4 for each 360 degree rotation, then 10/4 = 2.5, which is then multiplied by 2 to get 5 ATP/2NADH. The number of ATP made from FADH2 oxidation is 1.5. There are 20 H+ translocated across the inner membrane for every 2 NADH oxidized, and 12 H+ translocated for every 2 FADH2 oxidized. Since 4 H+ return to the matrix for each ATP synthesized, the difference in ATP yield is 2 when comparing 2 NADH to 2 FADH2. The number of H+ translocated across the inner mitochondrial membrane for each NADH oxidized is multiplied by the number of H+ required to synthesize each ATP and added to the 1 H+ required for the phosphate translocase transporter.

Explanation / Answer

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