Questions 57-62: Examine the four stylized study designs below. The \"A\" and \"
ID: 244685 • Letter: Q
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Questions 57-62: Examine the four stylized study designs below. The "A" and "B" indicate when you take measurements. For example, in design D1, one group of subject receives the treatment and outcome is assessed after the treatment is completed. In design D2, one group receives treatment 1, the other receives treatment 2 and participants in each group are assessed when the treatment is complete A1 D1 Treatment (Select at random) Group A A1 Group A Treatment 1 Treatment 2 D2 RANDOMIZE Group B A1 A0 Group A D3 Treatment 1 RANDOMIZE Treatment 2 Group B B0 B1 A3 A0 A1 A2 Treatment 1 Treatment 2 Wash-out Group A DRANDOMIZE Group B B1 B2 B3 B0Explanation / Answer
57. This design is known as "crossover design".
Answer D. D4. In the crossover design, each participant has Its own control and receive their treatment followed by a washout period in which no treatment is given. Thus the individual participant is followed over a period.
58. The design cannot tell you the treatment was effective.
Answer A. D1. In Randomization, the subject was selected randomly, and find the difference due to treatment. There is no control group to find the effectiveness of the treatment.
59. The research design could not be used in the evaluation of vaccines that confer lifetime immunity.
Answer C.D3. The study design is based on the evaluation of outcome with exposure to certain risk factors. So this will not be effective in the evaluation of vaccines because the vaccine is preventable before it arises any disease condition.
60. Performance of 100 students randomly assigned to self-study is compared to that of 50 students randomly assigned to the individualized tutoring.
Answer B. D2. In this design, one group is controlled as self-study and another group is under the tutoring and find the differences between the control group and the intervention group.
61. We want to sure that the groups were equivalent at the baseline, and we cannot ask participants to undergo both the treatment.
Answer C. D2. In this study Both the group are selected randomly and equal at the start of the study and one group undergo particular intervention in which the effects can be determined.
62. The study designs can tell you if the two treatments differ in the efficacy, but cannot tell you how much the participants have improved.
Answer D. D4. In this, the two groups are studied at a defined interval. The exposure and the outcomes are studied simultaneously. Both the treatments differ and we cannot compare the effectiveness of two different treatment groups.
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