2. A study examined the association between physician prescribing practices and
ID: 246481 • Letter: 2
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2. A study examined the association between physician prescribing practices and opioid use disorder. Individuals with opioid use disorder were identified via medical records among four large health svstems in Massachusetts. Individuals without opiod use disorder were randomly selected from medical records among the same health systems. What type of study design is described? A. Cross-sectional B. None of the above C. Case-control D. Ecological 3. Researchers examined the impact of helmet laws on fatalities among motorcyclists across states in the U.S. What type of study is this? A. Cross-sectional B. None of the above C. Case-control D. Ecological 4. Secondary data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Survey were used to examine the association between race/ethnicity and alcohol consumption among high school students from across the United States. What type of study design is described? A. Cross-sectional B. None of the above C. Case-control D. Ecological 5. The ecological fallacy is the assumption that associations found at the group level apply to relationships at the individual level A. True B. FalseExplanation / Answer
2.C.case control-case control study is a retrospective study that looks in time to find the relative risk between a specific exposure.A control group of people who do not have the disease or who did not experience the event is used for comparison.
3.D.Ecological -ecological studies are studies of risk-modifying factors on health or other outcomes based on populations defined either geographically or temporally.
4.A.Cross-sectional -cross sectional study is a type of observational study that analyzes data from a population, or a representative subset, at a specific point in time.
5.A.True- ecological fallacy is an informal fallacy in the interpretation of statistical data where inferences about the nature of individuals are deduced from inference for the group to which those individuals belong.
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