1. ML is a 26-year-old homosexual man admitted to the hospital for progressive r
ID: 246600 • Letter: 1
Question
1. ML is a 26-year-old homosexual man admitted to the hospital for progressive respiratory distress fever, weakness, and chronic diarrhea. He tested HIV positive about 3 years ago, but his infection has remained asymptomatic until 2 months prior to admission. Pneumocystis jiroveci (carinii) pneumonia was suspected and confirmed by culture. Laboratory analysis demonstrates a low CD4' count of 185 cells/yl. ML's mother is concerned about the potential for catching HIV from her son. What can you tell her about the risk factors and transmission of HIV, and how she might protect herself from infection? 2. What is the significance of the CD4" count? ML's sexual partner recently tested negative for HIV. What conclusions can be made about his HIV status? 3.Explanation / Answer
1AIDS is a viral disease caused by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV),which destroys T cells ,thereby increasing the susceptibility to infection and malignancy
Risk factors are Heterosexual or homosexualcontact with high risk individuals,Intravenous drug abusers,persons recieving blood products,Health care workers,Babies born to infected mothers.
HIV is transmitted through blood,semen,vaginal secretions and breast milk.Horizontal transmission occurs through intimate sexual contact or parental exposure to blood or body fluids that containsthe virus.Verticall transmission occurs from an infected pregnant women to her foetus
2.HIV infects CD4+cells;a gradual decrease in CD4+T cell count occurs and this results in a progressive immunodefeciency ;the risk for opportunistic infection is present..
3.There are stages of HIV infection
The disease has a long incubation period sometimes 10 years or longer.Manifestations may not appear until late in the infection.
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