Chapter 10 & 2 Congential Cardiac Defects 1. List the function of the organ syst

Question

Chapter 10 & 2 Congential Cardiac Defects

1. List the function of the organ system being studied this week. ( 1 point)

2. List some common signs/symptoms seen in diseases and conditions that involve the congential cardiac defects. ( 3 points)

3.List the ways in which the function/status of the congential cardiac defects can be assessed (include physical exam and diagnostic/lab tests) ( 3 points)

4. List common therapeutic interventions used to treat diseases and conditions of the congenital cardiac defects.(be general with the category of medications etc., be sure to include lifestyle interventions as well) (3 points)

Explanation / Answer

1. Cardio vascular system comprises of heart and it's corresponding vessels. Heart is one of the vital organs in our body. It pumps the blood to other organs in our body. Heart consists of four chambers. Right and left atium , right and left ventricle. Right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from various part of the body via superior and inferior vena cava. Superior vena cava receives blood from head , neck and upper part of the body. Inferior vena cava receives blood from lower part of the body. From right atrium , the blood flows into right ventricle through tricuspid valve. Lungs receive blood from right ventricle via the pulmonary artery. Pulmonary artery comprises from right ventricle and then divides into right and left pulmonary artery. Right pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to right lung. Left pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to left lung. In lungs , the deoxygenated blood gets oxygenated and send to left atrium via pulmonary veins. 2 pulmonary veins arise out of right lung and 2 pulmonary veins arise out of left lung. These 4 pulmonary veins which carry oxygenated blood pour into left atrium. From left atrium , the blood passes to left ventricle via bicuspid valve. The bicuspid valve is also called as mitral valve. From left ventricle, the oxygenated blood flows to different parts of the body via the aorta. Aorta arise out of left ventricle carry oxygenated blood to different parts of the body. Aorta descends down as descending aorta and gives rise to various divisions as capillaries to deliver oxygenated blood to various tissues.

2. Congenial cardiac defect is mainly classified as cyanotic heart disease and acyanotic heart disease. Cyanosis is the bluish discoloration of skin present in cyanotic heart disease such as tetralogy of fallot , tricuspid atresia , pulmonary stenosis , total anamalous of pulmonary venous connection etc. Other signs and symptoms of congenital cardiac disease are dyspnea , poor feeding , underweight , lethargy , cyanosis , clubbing , tachycardia , low blood saturation , recurrent respiratory tract infection etc.

3. Congenial cardiac problems , most of the time assessed soon after birth. Nowadays some cardiac problems are identified in antenatal period by ultrasound. History collection from mother is very important to role out cardiac problems. Blood investigations such as biochemistry profile , haematology profile , coagulation profile helps to assist in diagnosis of cardiac problems. ECG , echo cardiogram , X-RAY plays a vital role in diagnosing cardiac problems. 24 hours holter monitor is also used in children to monitor cardiac activity.

4. Cardiac medication to be started until interventions or cardiac surgery has planned. Congenial defects has to be repaired by surgery. Close monitoring is needed. Whenever feeding, always elevate the head of the child. Avoid sternous activities. Provide balanced nutrition. Notify the physician immediately , whenever the child exibits cardiac problems. If the child is going school , inform class teacher or school health nurse about child's cardiac disease. Always follow hygienic measures to avoid respiratory infections. Importance of follow up care is to be instructed to the parents or the care provider who is taking care of the child.

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