7. What is the difference between interstitial fluid and circulatory fluid? 8. H

Question

7. What is the difference between interstitial fluid and circulatory fluid? 8. How are endocrine and nervous system signals different, in terms of how they travel and the response produced? (See Fig 40.6) 9. What is homeostasis? 10. What is acclimatization? How is this different from adaptation? 11. What is thermoregulation? Describe the two thermoregulatory strategies in animals. 1) endothermy- 2) ectothermy- 12. How are poikilotherms and homeotherms different? 13. What is a circulatory adaptation that reduces heat loss? (think penguins on ice)

Explanation / Answer

7) Both interstitial fluid and circulatory fluid are part of ECF (extracellular fluid). The major difference between these two is that interstitial fluid (or tissue fluid) is a solution that bathes and surrounds the cells of multicellular animals. The interstitial fluid is found in the interstitial spaces, also known as the tissue spaces. Circulatory fluid such as blood plasma serves as an extracellular matrices (ECM) for the cells and molecules of the blood. It is the intravascular fluid part of the extracellular fluid.

8) The significant difference between these two is that the nervous system uses electrical signals or impulses to send the signals through neurons, while the Endocrine system uses hormones acting as the chemical messenger to send signals to the target cell through the blood stream in the body. Also, transmission of nervous signals is by means of electrical impulses, while hormones are transported by means of blood.

9) The tendency of a body to maintain a constant internal environment is known as homeostasis. Homeostasis can be defined as the stable state of an organism and of its internal environment, as the maintenance or regulation of the stable condition, or its equilibrium, or simply as the balance of bodily functions.

10) Acclimatization is the process by which an individual organism adjusts to a change in its environment (such as a change in altitude, temperature, humidity, photoperiod, or pH), allowing it to maintain performance across a range of environmental conditions.

"Adaptation" mostly refers to hereditary, genotypic traits, that have evolved through natural selection.This takes a long time to achieve and usually affects the whole group to which it belongs. It is part of the evolution process, which all living things must undergo in order to cope with the ever changing planet. Acclimatization refers to the phenotypic traits, it is environmentally inducible, and mostly even reversible. It doesn’t take as long as evolutionary adaptation and it doesn’t affect the body composition of the entire species.

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