5. How do arthropods go through ecdysis? 6. Be able to discuss the benefits and

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5. How do arthropods go through ecdysis? 6. Be able to discuss the benefits and drawbacks of having an exoskeleton. 7. What is the ancestral arthropod condition with respect to the number of tagma, the types of tagma, and the location of paired appendages on segments? cephalothorax, head, trunk, thorax, abdomen, carapace. Hexapoda, and Myriapoda: be able to compare and contrast 8. Know the following terms: tagma, tagmatization, 9. For these 4 arthropod groups: Chelicerata, Crustacea, the groups in terms of the following: a. how many tagmata do they have? What are they? b. do they have appendages on every segment? If not, where are they? c. Antennae number? Wing number? 10. How do barnacles feed? Explain. 11. Who has mandibles or chelicerates? Spiracles and trachea OR book lungs? 2. What characters of arthropods have contributed to their success in terrestrial habitats? 13. What is incomplete metamorphosis? What about complete metamorphosis? Compare and contrast these two processes 14. Be able to discuss the benefits of complete metamorphosis in a species Previous Next

Explanation / Answer

5. Ecdysis procedure:

Ecdysis is a process of moulting in arthropods during which exoskeleton has shedded. It is very important because it allows damaged tissue and missing limbs to be regenerated or substantially re-formed. In each moult they become larger and attain normal, or near normal, size after a series of moult. The process of ecdysis is discussed below:-

i. Arthropod becomes inactive for a period of time to prepare for ecdysis.

ii. During this period a fluid is secreted from the moulting glands of the epidermal layer and the under part of the cuticle becomes loosen.

iii. When the old cuticle has separated from the epidermis, a digesting fluid is secreted into the space between the old and new cuticle. Although this fluid remains inactive until the upper part of the new cuticle has been formed.

iv. After that, a combination of crawling movement and increase in blood pressure within the body of them helps them to emerge from the existing exoskeleton.

v. Al last the new layer is secreted while the old cuticle is being digested.

6. Benefits of exoskeleton:-

i) It acts as a great defence against predators.

ii) It helps to support the body of animals.

iii) It acts as a portable raincoat that keeps the creature from getting wet or drying out according to the weather.

iv) It protects the animal's soft, inner organs and muscles from injury.

Drawbacks of exoskeleton:-

i) It must shed to grow the new one.

ii) Just after a shed, a creature is unprotected and powerless against predators, so this time is quite hard for them.

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