The regulation of protein synthesis in cells involved the coordination of severa

Question

The regulation of protein synthesis in cells involved the coordination of several different mechanisms. Discuss TWO of the specific mechanisms of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells from the below and describe how the timing and coordination of these two mechanisms is important to gene regulation.
DNA packaging RNA processing/editing Alternative splicing mRNA degradation The regulation of protein synthesis in cells involved the coordination of several different mechanisms. Discuss TWO of the specific mechanisms of gene regulation in eukaryotic cells from the below and describe how the timing and coordination of these two mechanisms is important to gene regulation.
DNA packaging RNA processing/editing Alternative splicing mRNA degradation
DNA packaging RNA processing/editing Alternative splicing mRNA degradation

Explanation / Answer

DNA packaging:

negatively charged DNA is tightly bound with positively charged histone proteins. These proteins tightly bind around the DNA to give it a more condensed structure. Conventionlly DNA bound with histones in not accessible to proteins that might be involved in replication and transcription suppressing the expression of the gene and negatively regulating (decreasing) the gene expression. When the histone tails are modified such that they are given a negative charge and through repulsion they do not bind the DNA now, is the method of positively regulating gene expression (increasing). This is crucial at the time of the initiation of the transcription. histone is modified through acetylation, phosphorylation, methylation etc.

2. RNA processing and editing

In eukaryotes, the genes contain both introns and exons which are transcribed in the primary transcript (mRNA). To use this mRNA for protein translation the introns must be removed to form a processed or mature mRNA. This moves to the cytoplasm from nucleus. In addition it acquires a poly A tail at 3' end and 5' cap both of which are necessary for the survival of mRNA as they prevent degradation, and help in translation. This occurs after transcription and the degradation of the unprocessed mRNA leads to its degradation, resulting in negative regulation of gene expression.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse T
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.