15. Every gene contains which of the following elements? D. A terminator E. ARNA
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15. Every gene contains which of the following elements? D. A terminator E. ARNA-coding sequencing A. A riboswitch. B. A promoter C. A non-coding RNA. (or structural gene). 16. Consider positive transcriptional control (activation) by a transcription factor where its cofactor is an inducer (or coactivator). Which of the following statements are true? A. If the cofactor is bound to the transcription factor, target genes are not expressed B. If the cofactor is bound to the transcription factor, target genes are expressed. C. If the cofactor is bound to the transcription factor, binding to the activator site is enhanced D. If the cofactor is bound to the transcription factor, binding to the activator site is inhibited E. This type of regulation is typically associated with anabolic enzymes.Explanation / Answer
15. B.Promoter
The promoter is a region of DNA that initiates transcription of a particular gene. Promoters are located near the transcription start sites of genes, on the same strand and upstream on the DNA (towards the 5' region of the sense strand). Promoters can be about 100–1000 base pairs long.
16.B. If the cofactor is bound to the transcription factor, target genes are expressed.
Cofactors are proteins that modulate the effects of transcription factors. Cofactors are interchangeable between specific gene promoters; the protein complex that occupies the promoter DNA and the amino acid sequence of the cofactor determine its spatial conformation.
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