25) Secondary messengers are small molecules and ions that are rapidly produced

Question

25) Secondary messengers are small molecules and ions that are rapidly produced or mobilized at relatively high levels after signal perception, and which can modify the activity of target signaling Name two examples of common secondary messengers in plants (1/2 pt each, 1 pt total) proteins. B) A) 26) In plants, which of the following targets a component of a signal transduction cascade for degradation? A) A MAP kinase B) A receptor histidine kinase C) An E3 ubiquitin ligase D) A DELLA protein negative regulator E) An AUXIAA negative regulator 27) During a response to a signal, the response is usually shutdown A) Once a response threshold is reached B) Once the signal is received and the transduction cascade initiated C) Only in rare cascades that involve toxins harmful to the plant D) After a few day /night cycles E) When a new signal replaces the old signal 28) A secondary messenger in a signal transduction cascade A) Terminates the original response B) Transmit the signal from the receptor to the site of the response C) Is the domain within the receptor complex that becomes phosphorylated D) Is the domain within the receptor complex that initially receives the signal E) Is the repressor of the response that is inactivated during the signal transduction cascade The picture to the left is derived from a lecture slide and represents processes that contribute to (left side) and detract from (right side) the pool of active hormone. Fill in at least TWO processes on EACH side. (2 pts total) 29) Activation Pool of Active 30) Charles and Francis Darwin conducted several experiments with directional light and canary grass coleoptiles. Briefly describe these experiments (plural), and their significance to establishing the hormone concept in plants (2 pts). H3C OH 31) Which of the above is a gibberellin: A, B, C, D, E 32) Which of the above is abscisic acid: A, B, C, D, E 33) When an embryo fails to enter dormancy and enters vegetative growth while still attached to the maternal plant, it is called (answers on next page)

Explanation / Answer

25. Secondary messengers in plants: Ca+2 and cAMP

26. Option C is correct. An E3 ubiquitin ligase targets many signaling components for degradation.

27. Option E is correct. Termination of a signal requires another signal.

28. Option B is correct. A secondary messenger amplifies and transmits the signal from the receptor to the downstream components.

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