QUESTION 20 The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a nexus of

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QUESTION 20 The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) is a nexus of cardiomyocyte death signaling If the MPTP triggers cleavage of caspase -9, what is the most likely cell fate? Apoptosis Necrosis Uhidunnosis Mitosis QUESTION 21 Prolongation of the QT interval is clinically relevant with an average increase of approximately 200 milliseconds, to around 460 milliseconds total What is the major concern associated with QT interval prolongation? O Cardiac arrhythmia e Cardiac hypertrophy e Congestive heart failure

Explanation / Answer

Apoptosis is an energy dependent biochemical mechanism of programmed cell death.

Caspases have proteolytic activity .Caspases (cys dependent aspartate specific protease) are called so as they contain a key cys residue in the catalytic site and selectively cleaves at sites just C – terminal to aspartate residues .To date more than 12 caspases have been identified . Caspase – 9 is an initiator caspase critical to the apoptotic pathway found in many tissues. When cells receive apoptotic stimuli, mitochondria releases cytochrome c which then binds to Apaf-1 . Apaf-1 assembles into seven sub-unit complex, the apoptosome.The Apaf -1 proteins in the apoptosome then recruits initiator procaspase-9.This incorporation triggers the auto-activating cleavage of procaspase-9 into caspase -9 . Caspase -9 , in turn, cleaves procaspase-3 into caspase -3 , which cleaves targets that causes apoptosis of cell.

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