Name Section Date PRE-LAB EXERCISES Complete the exercises prior to coming to la
ID: 260055 • Letter: N
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Name Section Date PRE-LAB EXERCISES Complete the exercises prior to coming to lab,using your textbook and lab manual for reference. Pre-Lab Exercise 23-1 eKey Terms You should be familiar with the following terms before coming to lab. Please note that this list is not all-inclusive, because the terminology for the digestive system is extensive. D are covered separately in Pre-Lab Exercise 23-3 (p. 556) gestive enzymes Term Definition Digestive System Structures Alimentary canal Accessory organ Peritoneal cavity Gastroesophageal sphincter Pyloric sphincter Duodenum Jejunum leum Colon Salivary glands Pancreas : UNIT 23 I 551Explanation / Answer
Digestive system structures
Alimentary Canal: The entire passage through which the food passes through the body from mouth till anus. This passage includes the esophagus, stomach and intestines.
Accessory organ: The organ that is not part of the digestive tract but, helps in the digestion. They are tongue, liver, pancreas, salivary glands and gall bladder.
Peritoneal cavity: It is the space that presents between parietal peritoneum (layer that surrounds the abdominal wall) and visceral peritoneum (layer that surrounds the internal organs).
Gastro pharyngeal sphincter: It is the beginning part of the stomach having a muscle that allows the flow of food into the stomach.
Pyloric sphincter: It is the smooth muscle that is present at the middle of the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine. The partially digested food flow from stomach to small intestine is controlled by this muscle.
Duodenum: It is the first part of small intestine that follows stomach part. It leads to jejunum.
Jejunum: The small intestine part that is present between the duodenum and ileum.
Colon: It is the last part of the digestive system and is also a part of large intestine. It reabsorbs the fluids and prepare for the elimination of the waste products from the body.
Salivary glands: These glands are present in the mouth that secrete saliva. Saliva helps in lubricating the mouth, in swallowing easily, protecting the teeth against bacteria and helps in the digestion of food.
Pancreas: The gland that is present behind the stomach which secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. The islets of Langerhans in pancreas secrete insulin and glucagon into the blood.
Liver: It is the largest organ in the body and is important for the metabolic functions of the body and immune system. A person cannot survive without liver function.
Gall Bladder: It is a pear shaped organ and is present below the liver in the upper right side of the abdomen. It stores bile juice.
Digestive Histology
Mucosa: This covers the body cavity and covers the entire surface of the internal organs.
Sub mucosa: The layer of areolar connective tissue that is present under the mucous membrane.
Muscularis externa: This is the muscle layer that is present in the various organs of the vertebrate body adjacent to the sub mucosa. This is responsible for the peristalsis movement.
Serosa: This is a serous membrane or smooth tissue membrane that consists of two layers of mesothelium that secretes serous fluid.
Acinar cells: Exocrine cells of pancreas that pass the enzymes to the duodenum for the digestion of food.
Pancreatic Islet: Small cell cluster that is scattered all through the pancreas.
Liver lobule: It is the small fraction of the liver that is measured at histological scale.
Digestive Physiology
Digestive enzyme: These are enzymes in the digestive tract that helps in the digestion of food substances like proteins, fats, carbohydrates.
Chemical digestion: This process involves breaking down of food into small substances that can be utilized easily by the cells. It starts from the mouth.
Emulsification: The bile secreted by the gall bladder digests the fats which is called as emulsification of fats. Large fat globules are broken down into smaller globules.
Bile: Greenish-brown alkaline fluid that helps in the digestion. It is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder.
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