Which of the following is an autoimmune disease? A. Juvenile rheumatoid arthriti
ID: 260279 • Letter: W
Question
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
A. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
B. Multiple sclerosis
C. Type 1 diabetes mellitus
D. Systemic lupus erythematosus
E. All of the above
An antigen is ______, whereas an antibody is ______.
A. a foreign substance such as a protein or a polysaccharide to which lymphocytes respond; a globular protein that reacts with an antigen to eliminate the antigen
B. an immunoglobulin that is produced by lymph nodes in response to bacteria; a foreign protein that enters the body and causes an immune reaction
C. a hapten molecule that is complex in shape; an enzyme produced by the thymus gland that neutralizes antigens
D. only on a pathogen; only in a human body.
E. none of the above
Complement proteins, which are activated when IgG or IgM antibodies bind antigen,
A. stimulate chemotaxis, in which neutrophils and macrophages are repelled from the affected area.
B. cause opsonization, which coats the antibody-antigen complexes in a way that attracts phagocytes.
C. cause lysis of the T cells.
D. stimulate cytokine release.
E. do none of the above.
Plasma cells
A. increase the volume of the blood plasma.
B. produce antibody molecules.
C. directly attack antigens.
D. produce interferon.
E. die during active infection.
A primary immune response ______, and a secondary immune response ______.
A. is very important; is less important to the body's ability to protect itself
B. produces antibodies within five to ten days of exposure to antigens; produces antibodies within a day or two of a subsequent exposure to the same antigen
C. is very rapid in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens; is very slow in producing antibodies after exposure to antigens
D. takes place in the lymph nodes; takes place in scattered lymphatic tissue
E. occurs in children; occurs in adults
In the cellular immune response
A. B cells produce antibodies directly against antigens.
B. T cells produce antibodies directly against antigens.
C. T cells attach directly to antigens and destroy them.
D. T cells attack healthy body cells.
E. T cells activate macrophages.
A vaccine produces its effects by
A. directly attacking the antigens and neutralizing them.
B. chemotaxis, the attraction of antigens to areas where the vaccine can destroy them.
C. stimulating a primary immune response.
D. stimulating a tertiary immune response.
E. activating autoantibodies.
B cells divide and differentiate into _________ which produce and secrete antibodies.
A. T cells
B. antibodies
C. megakaryocytes
D. plasma cells
E. serum cells
The anti-Rh factor is an example of an
A. IgG.
B. IgM.
C. IgE.
D. IgA.
E. IgRh.
Newborns can acquire __________ immunity through breast milk.
A. specific
B. passive
C. active
D. innate
E. lactal
Heart valve cells can be damaged through
A. specific immunity.
B. innate immunity.
C. autoimmunity.
D. passive immunity.
E. active immunity.
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic and immune system?
Draining excess interstitial fluid
Maintaining water homeostasis in the body
Transporting dietary lipids
Carrying out immune responses
What is the major difference between lymph and interstitial fluid?
Composition of electrolytes
White blood cells are present in lymph
Location
Types of proteins present
Red blood cells are present in interstitial fluid
Lack of resistance is also known as:
Pathogenic
Innate
Specific
Susceptibility
Lymphatic
What causes lymph from the small intestines to appear white?
Proteins
WBC
RBC
Lipids
Fats
Which of the following is not considered an organ of the immune system?
Spleen
Lymph node
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Pancreas
The left subclavian vein receives lymph from
Left axillary vein
Lumbar trunk
Jugular trunk
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
The lymph from the right foot empties into the
Left axillary vein
Lumbar trunk
Jugular trunk
Thoracic duct
Right lymphatic duct
The skeletal muscle and respiratory pumps are used in
Lymphatic system
Cardiovascular system
Immune system
Lymphatic and Immune systems only
Lymphatic, Immune and Cardiovascular systems
Which of the below produces the hormone that promotes maturation of T cells?
Spleen
Lymph node
Red bone marrow
Thymus
Pancreas
In the thymus, where is it speculated that T cells die.
Capsule
Trabeculae
Epithelial cells
Hasall’s corpuscles
T cells do not die in the thymus
This portion of the lymph node does not contain any lymphatic nodules.
Inner cortex
Outer cortex
Medulla
Sinuses
Trabeculae
Which of the following is a function of the spleen?
Removes worn out blood cells
Circulates lymph
Cleanses interstitial fluid
Cleanses lymph
Traps microbes with mucus
Which of these does NOT provide a physical or chemical barrier?
Macrophages
Saliva
Urine
Mucus
Stratified squamous epithelium
Which of these provides a non-specific cellular disease resistance mechanism?
Macrophages
T lymphocytes
B lymphocytes
Memory B cells
Stratified squamous epithelium
These anti-microbial substances will diffuse to uninfected cells and reduce production of viral proteins.
Transferrins
Perforins
Complement proteins
Defensins
Interferons
These anti-microbial substances promote cytolysis, phagocytosis and inflammation.
Transferrins
Perforins
Complement proteins
Defensins
Interferons
These are mainly used to kill infectious microbes and tumor cells.
Natural killer cells
Perforins
platelets
Mucus
Antimicrobial proteins
Explanation / Answer
Answer for the question number 1 : The correct option is E ( all the above)
Explanation : Autoimmunity is an abnormal response against the self antigens that occurs due to the failure in the elimination of self reactive B and T cells during their maturation. This leads to generation of humoral and cell mediated response against self antigens. This damage to cells or self antigens are brought by the antibodies produced by B cells or T cells directly. There are two types of autoimmune disorders such as
Organ specific autoimmune diseases: In which the immune response is directed to a target antigen unique to single organ such that clinical manifestations are highly limited to that particular antigen.
Organ specific autoimmune disorders
Systemic autoimmune diseases:
Autoantibodies are produced against the molecules given in the brackets.
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