3. The label of a multivitamin supplement indicates that the supplement contains

Question

3. The label of a multivitamin supplement indicates that the supplement contains lipoic acid, thiamine, niacin, and riboflavin. Explain the value of each of these vitamins by 1) stating the name of the coenzyme to which each of these vitamins 2) stating the type of enzyme reaction which the given coenzyme usually 3) giving an example of an important enzyme reaction in which the coenzyme contributes its structure, participates in, and participates. (Note: You may have to do more reading on the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex than is provided in your text.)

Explanation / Answer

Niacin: is vitamin B3, which is also known as nicotinic acid or nicotinamide. These act as the precursor to nicotinamide coenzymes. This is important for synthesis for two of the coenzymes NAD as well as NADP. These only differ by the presence of a phosphate at the 2’ position of the ribose ring that is present lower. The cofactors could be synthesised from tryptophan. These coenzymes carry s out the action of soluble electron carriers and would be acting as enzyme substrates which would be participating in oxidation as well as reduction reactions. Nad would be accepting electrons and nadph will be involved in biosynthetic reactions. Used in alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme. Riboflavin: this acts as precursor for two coenzymes, FMN as well as FAD. These would be functioning in the form of prosthetic groups. Also, they act as locations for storage. Electrons are transferred or accepted from the isoalloxazine ring. These are involved in the working of flavin containing monooxygenase. Thiamin; thiamin gets converted to thiamin pyrophosphate that acts as the coenzyme. These are used for oxidative carboxylation reactions,. This is also involved in reactions of the PDH complex. If there is a thiamin deficiency, a person would be suffering from beriberi. Lipoic acid: these would be forming an amide linkage with lysine residues. This group would be acting as a go carriers. It would be serving as cofactors in many enzyme systems, one of which is the PDH complex. It also works in the acetoin dehydrogenase complex.

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