As stated in the introduction, cell cydle is a highly regulated process. When im
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As stated in the introduction, cell cydle is a highly regulated process. When important that each daughter cell only receive the 46 chromosomes it is supposed to receive. can you think of why it may be problematic if the cell were to receive more or less than 46 chromosomes at the end of mitosis? a cell is dividing, it is 2. Again, as mentioned previously, the cell cycle is highly regulated to ensure that it does not advance before the cell is prepared for the next stage. Can you think of a problem that could arise if the cell cycle was not regulated, and a cell could continuously divide without ever stopping 3. Please state the different way in which plant and animal cells perform the division of the two daughter cells Why is there a difference in the way in which these two cell types divide? 4. Where in your body do you think you have cells that are dividing rapidly? Where in your body do you think you have cells that are dividing at a much slower rate? Please explain your answers. 5. Why is the crossover event important to the overall function of meiosis?Explanation / Answer
answer to question 1: if you really think of consequences of daughter cells containing more or less than usual 46 chromosomes , at the end of mitosis , they are very adverse and can be very serious , for example many pathological disorders can occur , in case of unusal chromosomal no. in each cell. e.g., trisomy(47+2) of a chromosome can cause SERIOUS dosage issues , like the amount of gene product will be 3x instead of 2x ( remember some not all genes are dosage sensitive) which can be highly pathogenic for the individual .
and in case one chromosome is less than usual no. it can again cause "haploid insufficiency" , which can lead to dosage insufficiency ,e.g., kline felter sydrome(complex of diseases) which is (46+XO), again will bring about various clinical pathologies with different severity.
ANSWER TO QUESTION 2:
yes ,cell cycle is quite a regulated procedure, where a SINGLE MISTAKE , ERROR can lead to big results...so if the cell is constantly dividing , unregulated , and is proliferating at an uncontrolled manner, due any error , inactivation or mutation in any check points, then i might lead to CANCER , which is not an easy and a manipulative disease which can be handled that easily . cancer is caused due to uncontrolled growth and prolliferation of cells , due to the mutation in the genes for cell cycle regulation .
ANSWER TO QUESTION 3 :
the main difference which lies in their division are listed below:
1.Animal cells contains CENTRIOLES to mark the poles but plant cells does not .
2.all the phases of the plant and animal cell mitosis division is same , except the step of cytokinesis., which is the major difference in both of these cell divisions.
3.in plants , the cell plate starts to form with the help of some golgi vessicles wihich start to accumulate in the middle of the call , and then spreads outwards forming two new daughter cells.
4.in animal cell mitosis, during cytokinesis , the cleavage furrows are rather formed at the edges , and constricts inwards until the two cells divide and separate .
this major difference lies between both of these cells beacuse , plant cells have a cell wall which animal cells does not have .. also because asters and centrioles are absent in plant cells .these are the main two reasons for different mechanism of their cell division.
ANSWER TO QUESTION 4: example of cells , which show very slow rate of division are , the NEURONS , which are supposed to thought , that they dnt divide at all after the child has passed 5 yrs of age . but recent studies have shown that grow , but the rate of growth and division is quite slow.. also because they are highly differentiated cells.
cells in our body which divide at an extremely fast rate , are either the stem cells . which keep on dividing at a very high rate ,, and also the cancer cells in the body divide at an extremely high rate ,, because there cell division regulation is lost.
ANSWER TO QUESTION 5: Meiosis is an mechanism , which involves recombination and which leads to variation , and produces haploid germ cells .. so crossing over is one important , phase in the meiosis , the homologous chromosomes , forming an chiasma , recombines some information , which leads to variation from the nomal parental genotype and thus crossing over leads to variation .resulting in four haploid , recombined sperms or eggs , which are then passed on to the next generation .
meosis usually occurs in the germ lines , not in somatic cells , meisosis is 2n to n, n , n ,n .
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