Below is an abstract from the following paper published in Frontiers in Cell and

Question

Below is an abstract from the following paper published in Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.

**After reading the abstract, describe each of the following regarding the experiment:

1) research question

2) research objectives

3) methods

4) results

5) conclusions

6) give at least 2 examples of how you could improve this abstract

Perturbation of Wound Healing, Cytoskeletal Organization and Cellular Protein Networks during Hazara Virus Infection.

Front. Cell. Dev. Bio. 21 Nov. 2017. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00098

Andrea Molinas1†, Maria V. Turkina 1†, Karl-Eric Magnusson 1, Ali Mirazimi2,and Elena Vikström1*

1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden

2Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Abstract: Normal epithelial and endothelial renewal and healing after bacterial and viral challenges are essential for homeostasis along the intestine and the blood and lymphatic vessels. We thus investigated whether and how virus affects migration of human epithelial cells and specifically how the nucleocapsid protein (N) modulates the cellular proteome and interactome using human Caco-2 cells in a wound-healing assay with Hazara virus as a model. Here, Hazara virus blocked cell migration in a dose- and time-dependent manner, disrupted the actin cytoskeleton and specifically reduced the expression of the IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) and water channel aquaporin 6 (AQP6) that regulate cytoskeletal organization, water homeostasis and vesicle communication. Moreover, in the Caco-2 cell proteome, we identified several distinct groups of molecules associating with N upon Hazara virus infection, being involved in the ensemble of important cellular processes, e.g., chaperone activity, metabolism, cellular defense against infections, cell morphology, and migration. These events do not only facilitate the virus life cycle, but they are also crucial for membrane and cytoskeleton dynamics, cellular self-renewal and wound healing, being so essential for body integrity and homeostasis.

Explanation / Answer

Please find the description below:

1) research question: The authors of this abstract were intrigued about the fact that epithelial/gut wall/vessel renewal is absolutely necessary post bacteria/viral infections and thus hypothesized if viruses played a role in damage of endothelium and investigated mechanism behind it.

2) research objectives: Primary objective of the study is to investigate the association between viral migration in human epithelia cells and the role of nucleocapsid protein on pathogenicity in humans by assessing the proteome and interactome. They used the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line for wound healing using Hazara viral model.

3) methods: The authors performed a wound-healing assay in which the Hazara virus prevented cellular migration of viruses in the cells in a dose and time dependent manner. They further disrupted the cellular actin cytoskeleton in Caco-2 cells while reducing the expression levels of various proteins associated with membrane receptors such as IQGAP1 and AQP6.

4) results: The authors found many discrete groups of molecules associated with the viral nucleocapsid protein which are essential for maintaining viral function in cells.

5) conclusions:  However, it was also found that these events not only promote viral life cycle in the bacteria but also enhance cellular integrity. Thus, it can be concluded that viral genome and infection leads to membrane disruption in eukaryotic cells.

6) Examples: Other ways to improve the abstract are:

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