The following questions refer to the measles (but they could be altered to fit m
ID: 262429 • Letter: T
Question
The following questions refer to the measles (but they could be altered to fit most any disease):
1. People who recover from the measles have a high anti-measles antibody titer.
a. What does "high anti-measles antibody titer" mean?
b. Which immune response generates antibody?
c. How do viruses (which are intracellular pathogens) stimulate antibody production?
2. A generation ago, doctors routinely began vaccinating every child against measles.
a. About how long does it take a human host to launch a specificimmune response when first exposed to a pathogen or virus?
b. Why does it take so much longer than the nonspecificcellular responses? (What prohibits the specific response from being faster?)
3. How does a measles vaccine prevent us from coming down with the measles disease? Does the vaccine prevent us from being infected, or do vaccines prevent infection from progressing to disease?
4. The measles vaccine is an attenuatedstrain of the measles virus. What does this mean? Why would an attenuated strain be more effective against a measles infection than a "killed" or inactivated virus?
5. Why are the children of women who have been vaccinated moreat risk for getting measles than the children of women who had the measles disease?
Women are able to pass antibodies to their newborns through breast feeding. Is this considered passive or active immunity?
7. The measles virus is spread through respiratory droplets. Would you expect that only a few people would need to be immunized to protect the population or most of the population?
8. Doctors are concerned about too little use of the vaccine among pre-school children. What is not being achieved?
Explanation / Answer
1.
A. "High antibody titer " means presence of large number of specific antibodies circulating in blood to fight against the specific pathogen.
B. Humoral immune response generates antibodies.
C. Intracellular pathogens display antigenic protiens on the surface of the cell infected. These antigenic protiens are recognized by helper T cells. When helper T cells are activated they release different k8nds of cytokines and these cytok8nes in turn activates other cells such as cytotoxic cells, NK cells and B cells. B cells release antibodies.
2.
A.When a person is infected by a pathogen, it usually takes 5-7 days by the immune system.of host to produce a response against pathogen.
B. Specific immune system is slow as compared to no specific immune system because it has to provide specific immune response to a specific antigen for which helper T cells and B cells has to be activated therefore these cells take time to be activated .
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