4. Th ere are two general strategies to fighting a pathogen: innate or acquired

Question

4. Th ere are two general strategies to fighting a pathogen: innate or acquired immunity. Please fill in the following (anything that is in bold) to explain how both mechanisms work. a. Innate/Nonspecific Immune Response: What is an innate immune response? Hint: Think about the name. i. First Line of Defense 1. Anatomical Barriers: Give at least two examples. 2. Chemical Secretions: Give at least two examples. ii. Second Line of Defense Immune cells that carry out phagocytosis. Include a description of the four leukocytes cells covered during lecture. (neutrophils, eosinophils, macrophages, natural killer cells). 1. 2. Dendritic cells 3. Mast Cells b. Acquired ISpecific Immune Response: What is an acquired immune ii. Third Line of Defense: Describe the major classes of lymphocytes. Description of each type of T cells. (4 types of T cells) What is an acquired i response? Hint: Think about the name. 1. T cells 2. B cells Descrintion of each tvDe of B cells. (2 types of B cells)

Explanation / Answer

Innate immune response – Innate refers to – ‘by birth’. The immune defences that are always present and available from birth and provide a rapid response to protect us against a disease. It forms an early warning system and are designed to prevent microbes from gaining access to the body. This kind of immunity does not have a memory component which means it cannot remember an earlier contact with foreign particles.

First line of defence

Anatomical barriers - skin and mucous membranes

Chemical barriers – lysozyme in mucus, tears and breast milk, acid released from sebaceous glands

Second line of defence

Acquired immune response – it involves specific recognition of microbes once they breach the first line of defence. It has a memory component and therefore mounts a specific response to microbes. It is slower to respond as compared to innate immunity. This immune response is mediated by lymphocytes which produce antibodies that target specific antigens present on pathogens. These include B cells and T cells

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