International Business Find out as much as you can about the human resource situ

Question

International Business

Find out as much as you can about the human resource situation in CHINA. For example, how well educated is the workforce? What is the unemployment rate like? Also, try to find out as much as you can about labor regulations or common human resource practices in CHINA. For example, some countries have greater unionization than others. Some countries also have strong restrictions against worker dismissals.

In addition to looking for articles about human resources in CHINA, international organizations such as the World Bank or the OECD have data on some indicators of education and/or labor market regulations. Doingbusiness.org also includes information about labor market regulations and minimum wages, and some advocacy groups such as the Fraser Institute or the Heritage Foundation publish

Explanation / Answer

1.

Currently, 91 percent of the country has instituted compulsory primary education, with nearly 99 percent of school-age children are enrolled in schools.
According to the latest statistics, by the end of 1998 there were 1,022 universities
and colleges in China, with 3.41 million students, of which 1.08 million were the year's new recruits; 736 graduate training units with 199,000 students, of which 73,000 were the year's new recruits; 962 adult higher-learning institutions with 2.82 million students, of which one million were the year's new recruits; 17,106 secondary special and technical schools and vocation high schools, with 11.26 million students (of which, 1.73 million were technical school students), accounting for 55 percent of the total students in high schools.
There were 54.5 million junior middle school students nationwide, with an enrollment rate of 87.3 percent; 139.54 million primary school pupils, with 98.9 percent of the school-age children enrolled. The dropout rates of the students of ordinary junior middle schools and primary schools were 3.23 percent and 0.93 percent, respectively.
There were 2.51 million people studying in vocational secondary schools for adults; 86.82 million persons trained in adult technical training schools; and 3.21 million illiterate people became literate.
Overall, The literacy rate of China is 90.9%.

PRESCHOOL EDUCATION

China develops its preschool education in various ways, by mobilizing the resources of the whole society. While local governments run kindergartens, work units, social organizations and individuals are also encouraged to open kindergartens. Kindergartens apply the principle of combining child care with education, and ensure that the infants achieve all-round physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic development, providing them with a harmonious coordination of body and mind. With play as the basic form of activity, kindergartens create a good environment for learning and provide the infants with opportunities and conditions to exercise and display their abilities.

The state has worked out a qualification and examination system for kindergarten teachers. At present, there are 67 kindergarten teachers' schools in China, and the infant education is an area of study in vocation high schools is considerably well developed. The Regulations on the Administration of Kindergartens, the Regulations on the Kindergarten Work, and other laws and regulations issued by the state have put kindergartens on the road to systematized scientific development.

PRIMARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION

Primary and secondary education in China is composed of three stages: primary school, junior middle school and senior middle school, with a length of study of 12 years altogether. Generally, the length of study in primary schools is six years; junior middle schools, three years; and senior middle schools, three years.

Primary and junior middle school education is compulsory. Children who have reached the age of six may enter primary schools. Where junior middle school education is basically universal, students who have graduated from primary schools may, without examination, advance to the appropriate junior middle schools. Junior middle school graduates may enter senior middle schools after passing examinations set by the local education authorities.

PECIAL EDUCATION

The Chinese government has all along paid great attention to special education. With the initiation of the reform and opening policies in 1978, China's special education entered a new development period. The state has issued a series of laws and regulations which make explicit stipulations on safeguarding the rights to education of the disabled, formulated a series of both general and specific policies for reforming and developing the sphere of special education, while earmarking special funds for this purpose.

According to statistics, China has 1,426 special education schools for blind, deaf and mentally retarded children and teenagers, and some 5,400 special education classes attached to ordinary middle schools, with a total of 320,000 students. In addition, a large number of disabled children and teenagers study in ordinary schools. Currently, more than 1,700 rehabilitation institutions for deaf infants are operating on China and over 70,000 children have been or are being trained there. Furthermore, there are more than 1,000 vocational training institutions for the disabled in China.

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

The Chinese government issued the Vocational Education Law of the PRC in 1996, making explicit stipulations regarding the status, role, structure, functions and duties, management system and fund channels for vocational education.

China's vocational education is mainly composed of advanced vocational schools, technical secondary schools, skilled worker's schools, vocational middle schools, vocational training centers and other technical training schools for adults and training institutions run by social organizations or individuals. Vocational education is divided into three levels: advanced, secondary and primary levels, which coordinate closely with each other.

HIGHER EDUCATION

After continuous reforms and adjustment since 1978, a multi-level and multi-format higher education system comprehending all disciplines has taken initial shape to fit in with national economic and social development. The number of ordinary institutions of higher learning increased to 1.022 in 1998 from 598 to 1978.

With the continuous deepening of the reform of the organization of higher education, the scale of ordinary institutions of higher learning has been greatly developed, and the benefits remarkably enhanced. With the levels and structure of the cultivation of talent being increasingly rationalized, and the courses improved, institutions of higher learning continuously supply society with a great number of top=grade specialists.

2....

The new labor law is going to apply to all employers, no matter how few employees (even one!) they might have. It is going to require all labor contracts be in writing and it will impose significant penalties on employers for failing to comply with this. Employees can claim double salary for months worked without a contract for up to 12 months

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