1. What are emerging viruses? Are they usually DNA or RNA viruses? Get ready for

Question

1. What are emerging viruses? Are they usually DNA or RNA viruses? Get ready for some example RNA viruses. Why HIV viruses are called retrovirus, what enzyme do HIV viruses carry to convert RNA to DNA?

2. Describe the three ways of bacterial cells take foreign DNAs.

3. What is a plasmid and how does it help spreading the antibiotic resistance?

4. Define the process of gene expression. What is gene expression control (regulation) all about?

5. How do E. coli and other prokaryotic cells control the gene expression, like to express lactose metabolizing genes? Why can prokaryotic cells usually use simpler gene expression regulation mechanisms?

6. What is an Operon? What components can you find in Lac operon (hint: the genes being regulated, the extra DNA sequences involved in regulation, the regulator protein(s))? Where do the repressor proteins bind on the Lac operon?

7. What is the default status of lac operon, active or inactive gene expression? What molecule and HOW can it switch the status? What is the default status of trp operon? How tryptophan can switch the trp operon?

8. Where in the cell are eukaryotic genomic DNAs located? What structure do DNA double-helices form via interaction with histone proteins?

9. What is the default expression status of genes packaged in eukaryotic chromosomes? How can chemical modification affect such status? What is called for inheritance such modifications from parent cells to daughter cells?

10. Which mammalian cells would undergo X chromosome inactivation, XX, XY, XXY, or XYY (more than one answer)? How does X chromosome inactivation impact the genes on that particular X chromosome? Why tortoiseshell cats are more likely to be females?

11. What proteins are needed to help initiate eukaryotic cell gene expression? What DNA segments can promote active gene expression?

12. What is an exon? What is an intron? Which of them will be in the mature mRNA sequence? What process is called for the removal of introns? How does this process contribute to the protein variance in different tissues or organs?

Explanation / Answer

1- emerging viruses are those which are lately discovered and come into increase incidence rate . They are usually rna viruses. Hiv virus is called retrovirus because it insert its dna copy into host cell for making copies or replication of it. Hiv virus carry reverse transcriptase enzyme to form dna from rna molecule.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse 1
• Subjects

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.