3. for each of the following discuss with specifics: a. (i) how is the acrosome

Question

3. for each of the following discuss with specifics: a. (i) how is the acrosome reaction involved in the fertilization process, (ii) how and where does it occur and (iii) what specific physiological conditions and molecules are involved in its induction? (10) b. other than the paternal genome, what other component(s) of the human sperm are inherited at fertilization and what is their importance in human embryogenesis? (5) c. the role(s) of the cortical granule and zona pellucida 'reactions' and how when each is activated and functions in the reproductive process (10)

Explanation / Answer

A- During fertilisation , the sperm must first fuse with the membrane of the oocyte and then penetrate it to fertilise the egg. Fusing with the egg is a little problem , therefore the sperm undergoes an acrosomal reaction which is the reaction that occurs in the acrosome as it approaches the egg. As the sperm approaches the zona pellucida , which is necessary for inducing the acrosomal reaction , the membrand surrounding the acrosome fuses with the plasma membrane exposing the content of acrosome

This includes the antigens and enzyme hyaluronidase which would accomplish the reaction.

2- In addition to the nuclear material , sperm also contributes its plasma membrane which form a part of membrane of zygote to provide the polyspermy block.

3- cortical reaction is the release of the cortical granules due to calcium of SER which allows fusion with the oocyte.

Zona reaction is making the zona impermeable to prevent polyspermy.

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