4U Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include lipopolysaccharnde, lip

Question

4U Microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) include lipopolysaccharnde, lipoteichoic acid muramic acid and flagellar proteins. What type of pattern recognition molecule (PRM) is an integral membrane protein on macrophages and dendritic cells that is responsible for recognition of MAMPs? a. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) b. Penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) c. Granulocyte Cell Surface Receptors (GCSRs) d. Cluster of Differentiation (CD) molecules 41 A lysosome a. contains enzymes specific to the receptors on the bacterium being eliminated b. contains multiple hydrolases (lysozyme, proteases, phospholipase, deoxyribonuclease) that digest bacteria. c. is a fibrous nodule that effectively walls of the spread of infection d. induces apoptosis of a virus-infected cell recognized by a CTL

Explanation / Answer

40. (a) Toll-like receptors (TCRs) is the correct choice. TCRs are present on surface of macrophages and dendritic cells. They bind foreign molecules such as bacterial constituents. This binding initiates cytokine release and mediators of unflammation.

41. The correct choice is (b). A lysosome is a cell organelle that contains multiple acid hydrolases which can degrade the damaged organelles, bacteria and unwanted macromolecules.

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