can some help me with my biology answers 1. Explain and distinguish between the
ID: 26872 • Letter: C
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can some help me with my biology answers 1. Explain and distinguish between the one-way flow of energy and the cycling of materials in the ecosystems. 2. Relate metabolism to the way in which living things obtain energy from the environment. Distinguish between producers and consumers. 2. Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy and give examples of each. (Remembering , understanding, applying and analyzing ). 3. State and explain the first and second law of thermodynamics. Explain how these laws apply to energy transformations. (Remembering and understanding). 4. Explain how energy transformations in a cell maintain order within the cell and increase the entropy of the universe. (Remembering, understanding and analyzing). 5. Describe how energy transformations apply to the ecosystem level. (Review information from section Ch 1.4). (Remembering, understanding and analyzing). 6. Contrast exergonic reactions and endergonic reactions in terms of: a) the potential energy of reactants and products, and b) the amount of energy released or required. Recognize that energy coupling occurs when exergonic processes provide energy for endergonic processes. (Remembering, understanding, applying and analyzing). 7. Recall which organelle makes ATP. Describe the structure of ATP and identify the high-energy content bonds in this molecule. Recognize the role of ATP as an energy carrier molecule that powers cellular work. Explain the connection between the ADP/ATP cycle and energy coupling (i.e., exergonic and endergonic reactions) within cells. (Remembering and understanding). 8. Describe enzymes in terms of their composition, structure, and specificity. (Remembering) 9. Describe the catalytic cycle using the terms substrate, active site, and product. Recognize the role of cofactors and coenzymes in this type of reaction and recall examples used in class. (Remembering and understanding). 10. Explain the role of enzymes in metabolic pathways. Contrast chemical reactions with and without enzymes. Explain an enzyme-catalyzed reaction using the terms substrate, product, and energy of activation. (Remembering and understanding). 11. Describe and interpret how enzyme activity can be affected by environmental factors such as temperature and pH. Describe how enzyme activity can be controlled by different forms of inhibition. Identify examples of inhibitors that prevent enzymes from functioning. (Remembering and understanding).Explanation / Answer
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the "molecular currency" of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ATP also plays an important role in the synthesis of nucleic acids, Functions Energy is released by hydrolysis of the third phosphate group. After this third phosphate group is released, the resulting ADP (adenosine diphosphate) can absorb energy and regain the group, thus regenerating an ATP molecule; this allows ATP to store energy like a rechargeable battery. Phosphoryl positions The phosphoryl groups starting with that on AMP are referred to as the alpha, beta, and gamma phosphates. Synthesis ATP can be produced by various cellular processes, most typically in mitochondria by oxidative phosphorylation under the catalytic influence of ATP synthase or in the case of plants in chloroplasts by photosynthesis. The main fuels for ATP synthesis are glucose and fatty acids. Initially glucose is broken down into pyruvate in the cytosol. Two molecules of ATP are generated for each molecule of glucose. The terminal stages of ATP synthesis are carried out in the mitochondrion and can generate up to 34 ATP. ATP in the human body The total quantity of ATP in the human body is about 0.1 mole. The energy used daily by an adult calls for the hydrolysis of 200 to 300 moles of ATP. This means that each ATP molecule has to be recycled 2000 to 3000 times during the day. ATP cannot be stored and so its synthesis has to closely follow its consumption. Other triphosphates.
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