91, During translation, sets of bases on an mRNA strand give the instructions fo
ID: 268843 • Letter: 9
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91, During translation, sets of bases on an mRNA strand give the instructions for which amino acid is to be added next. These sets of bases come in which number? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 92. In eukaryotic cells, the large amount of DNA in the nucleus is organized into these rod-like structures, which consists of the DNA associated with histone proteins: A. Nucleolus B. Barr Body C.Chromosome D. Centrosome 93. In a metabolic pathway, a chain of reactions happen, where each step is fueled by its own enzyme, and the product of one reaction becomes the reactant for the next. Frequently, the end product of the pathway acts as an inhibitor for the first enzyme, shutting down the pathway when there is enough of the final product for the cell's needs. This is known as: A. Competitive inhibition B. Pathway coupling C. Circular inhibition D. Feedback inhibition 94. Which type of cells divide their interior spaces into membrane-bound compartments to increase the efficiency of life reactions? What are these membrane-bound compartments called? A. Prokaryotes, ribosomes B. Bacteria, capsules C. Eukaryotes, organelles D. Archaea, akinetes 95. In biotechnology, the PCR (polymerase chain reaction) technique is used for what purpose? A. Sort DNA fragments by size B. Extract genes of interest from a chromosome C. Clip DNA into smaller fragments D. Produce many copies of a small sample of DNA 96. In photosynthesis, photosystems I and Il function to: A. Produce glucose B. Manufacture ATP C. Capture light energy and excite an electron D. Absorb carbon dioxideExplanation / Answer
91. The sets of bases are read as "TRIPLET". Each triplet on mRNA codes for a specific amino acid (building blocks of protein) during translation. So, the correct choice is C) 3.
92. Histone proteins are made up of positively charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine. DNA (being negatively charged) is wrapped around these positively charged histone octamer in nucleus to form chromosome. So, the correct choice is C).
93. This is known as D) Feedback inhibition. It is a method to conserve energy and keep a state of balance within the cell by preventing accumulation of a product which is not required.
94. The membrane bound compartments are called organelles. They are present in eukaryotes. Each organelle has a specific function. For example, mitochondria is the power house of cell and rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins. So, the correct choice is C).
95. PCR is used to produce many copies of a small sample of DNA. The instrument used is "thermocycler". PCR works on the principle of using primers that flank the desired sequence. A suitable DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) amplifies the DNA fragment by employing nucleotides from reaction mixture.
96. They function to capture light energy and excite an electron. Each photosystem has its own reaction center (chlorophyll a) which captures light energy at a particular wavelength. Photosystem II passes e- to phosystem I where NADPH is generated.
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