19. Injection of an ADH inhibitor into a frog causes a the distal convoluted tub

Question

19. Injection of an ADH inhibitor into a frog causes a the distal convoluted tubule than would occur without such an injection. a. reabsorption of more waste b. secretion of more sodium c. reabsorption of less water d. secretion of less water 20. In the nephrons of amphibians, glucose in the proximal convoluted tubule returns to the blood by a. simple diffusion. b. facilitated diffusion. c. primary active transport. d. secondary active transport Blood Capsular fluid lood peessure in glomenular capillary Colloid osmotic pressure Capsular fluid hydrostatic pressune iltration pressure inet force favoring filtration) 21. Based on the information shown, if the blood pressure in the glomerular capillary is +5 kPa, the colloid osmotic pressure is-2.5 kPa, and the capsular fluid hydrostatic pressure is -2 kPa, then the filtration pressure isk kPa. a. 0.5 b. 4.5 c. 5.0 d. 5.5

Explanation / Answer

19. c. Reabsorption of less water

Facultative reabsorption of water occurs at distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct under the influence of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin from posterior pituitary gland. Normally, the distal convoluting tubule and the collecting ducts are not permeable to water, but in the presence of ADH, it becomes more permeable to water by which water is reabsorbed.

Administration of ADH inhibitor results in reabsorption of less water due to failure of the above said mechanisms. Hence, the correct answer is c

20. d. Secondary active transport

Explanation: Glucose is completely reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule by secondary active transport (sodium co-transport) mechanism. Glucose and sodium bind to a common protein in the luminal membrane of tubular epithelium and enter the cell. The carrier protein is called Sodium dependent glucose transporter (SGLT-2). From tubular cell glucose is transported to medullary interstitium by another carrier protein called glucose transporter 2 (GLUT 2). Hence, the correct answer is d.

21. a. 0.5

Explanation: Net filtration pressure = Glomerular pressure - (sum of colloidal osmotic pressure + Hydrostatic pressue in bowman's capsule)

Sum of colloidal osmotic pressure and hydrostatic pressure = -2.5 + (-2) = -4.5 kPa

Net filtration pressure = 5-4.5 = 0.5 kPa

Hence, the correct answer is a.

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